Special Relativity
Which of the following best describes a postulate of special relativity?
A. The laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference.
B. The speed of light is constant in all frames of reference.
C. Time can be measured differently in different locations.
D. Mass increases with speed.
A - The laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference.
Which of the following best describes the concept of quantization in quantum theory?
A. Energy is continuous and can take any value.
B. Energy is quantized and can only take specific discrete values.
C. Energy is quantized but can take any value within a certain range.
D. Energy is continuous but restricted by certain conditions.
B
What does the Standard Model of particle physics explain?
A. The fundamental particles and forces in the universe.
B. The origin of the universe.
C. The behavior of celestial bodies.
D. The structure of atoms.
A - The fundamental particles and forces in the universe
How does GPS technology rely on principles of special relativity?
A. GPS satellites must account for time dilation due to their high speeds.
B. GPS satellites must account for time dilation due to their gravitational potential.
C. GPS satellites do not need to account for relativistic effects.
D. GPS satellites use classical mechanics exclusively.
B
Which of the following is a boson?
A. Electron
B. Proton
C. Photon
D. Neutrino
C - Photon
Why does time dilation occur according to special relativity?
Time slows down for objects moving at high speeds relative to a stationary observer
Why do electrons occupy discrete energy levels in an atom?
Due to the quantization of energy in the atom
List the fundamental forces described by the Standard Model
Gravitational force, electromagnetic force, weak nuclear force, strong nuclear force
A photon has a wavelength of 500 nm. What is its energy?
3.98×10−19J.
Why are atomic emission spectra discrete?
A. Electrons only occupy quantized energy levels.
B. Energy is lost continuously.
C. Light behaves only as a wave.
D. Atoms are stationary.
A
A spaceship travels at 0.8c relative to Earth. How much time passes on the spaceship for every 10 years that pass on Earth?
8 years
The energy of a photon is 3.2 × 10⁻¹⁹ J. What is its frequency?
4.8 x 10^14 Hz
If a particle has a charge of +2e and is placed in an electric field of 5 × 10⁴ N/C, what is the force on the particle?
3.2×10^−14 N
What is the significance of the discovery of the Higgs boson?
A. It confirmed the existence of the Higgs field.
B. It provided evidence for the mechanism that gives particles mass.
C. It validated the Standard Model of particle physics.
D. All of the above
D
A muon travels at 0.98c and has a rest lifetime of 2.2 µs. What is its observed lifetime on Earth?
According to special relativity, what happens to the length of an object moving at high speed relative to an observer?
The length decreases/contracts
What is the significance of the photoelectric effect?
It shows that light can cause electrons to be emitted from a material and it demonstrates that light has both wave and particle properties
What is the role of the Higgs boson in the Standard Model?
B - it gives mass to other particles
Which of the following is a characteristic of a photon?
A. It has mass.
B. It carries the electromagnetic force.
C. It has zero charge.
D. Both B and C.
D
A particle of charge +1e is in an electric field 2 × 10⁵ N/C. Force on the particle?
3.2 × 10⁻¹⁴ N
Which of the following is a consequence of special relativity?
A. Simultaneous events may not appear simultaneous in different inertial frames.
B. Energy is always conserved.
C. Objects cannot exceed the speed of light.
D. Both A and C.
D - Both A and C
Which of the following is true about the wave-particle duality of light?
A. Light behaves only as a wave.
B. Light behaves only as a particle.
C. Light exhibits both wave and particle characteristics.
D. Light does not exhibit any characteristics.
C - Light exhibits both wave and particle characteristics