Revolutions 101
What are revolutions?
a RADICAL CHANGE in the accepted order of society.
What was the radical change that occurred during the industrial revolution?
A radical change in technology and human work.
What was the radical change that occurred during the Enlightenment?
A radical change in culture that prompted new ways of thinking about government and the church.
What was the radical change that occurred during Liberation Revolutions?
Previously colonized territories gained independence.
What was the radical change that occurred during the French Revolution?
A political change in which the King was removed from power.
What are the four general causes of revolution?
Dissident Elites
Mass Frustration
Shared Motivation
State Crisis
New farming technology, increased population, natural resources, government supported innovation.
What was the "old way" of government in Europe before the Enlightenment?
Monarchy (King or Queen) and a strong Church.
Name at least one cause of Liberation Revolutions.
Loss of land, loss of culture, mistreatment, forced labor, loss of political power.
What were the names of the 3 social classes in France leading up to the revolution?
1st Estate, 2nd Estate, 3rd Estate
What is the difference between the causes "mass frustration" and "shared motivation"?
Mass frustration means that a lot of people are mad or “frustrated” with their social, political, and/or economic institutions. Shared Motivation refers to an idea that unites a group of people to rebel. The idea may even unite people across social classes and ethnic groups.
Name at least one positive effect of the Industrial Revolution.
New technology, wealth business owners, increased transportation and trade.
What was the "new way" of government promoted by enlightenment thinkers?
Democracy in which people could realize their own power and ability to problem solve, instead of looking to the King or the Church.
Name at least one effect of Liberation Revolutions.
Independence, the creation of new country borders, more fighting/civil wars to determine who's in charge now.
Which Estate started the revolution and what caused them to do so?
3rd Estate-- unfair social classes, forced to pay taxes, dislike of king, spread of Enlightenment ideas, starvation and high bread prices.
What is one example of a common "state crisis" that could cause a revolution?
War, natural disasters, famines
Name at lease one negative effect of the Industrial Revolution.
Poor working conditions, pollution, crowded housing, low wages.
French Revolution
What are the two ways that people gained independence from their colonizers?
Negotiation and armed resistance.
What happened to the revolution after the King was executed?
"Reign of Terror" in which the revolutionaries became divided and paranoid, killing anyone who disagreed with them.
What is the difference between a liberation revolution and a political revolution?
Liberation revolutions occur when a colony fights for independence and a political revolution occurs when there is a radical change in an established country's government.
Protest and the creation of labor unions to shorten the work day, increase wages, protect children, and increase safety.
How did the Scientific Revolution help cause the enlightenment?
A focus on science and experiments increased confidence, prompted questioning, and led to the development of new technology that helped spread ideas.
Negotiation involves discussion to reach an agreement whereas armed resistance involves military force or violent conflict to gain independence or protect against invasion.
What is one positive and one negative effect of the French Revolution?
Positive: Spread of democratic ideas, removal of the king.
Negative: Reign of Terror, Napoleon gains power, other European countries try to invade France and stop the spread of democratic ideas.