What is an autotroph?
also called a producer, they get energy from nonliving sources
What are the two reactants + energy needed to start photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide, water and solar energy
How many phosphates are in ATP?
three
What are the reactants and products for Cellular Respiration?
Reactants= glucose and oxygen
Products= ATP, CO2 and water
What is a trophic level?
the levels of nourishment in a food chain
What is a heterotroph?
get energy from living or once-living organisms
What are the products of photosynthesis?
glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen
What phosphate bond has the most energy to be used?
Third phosphate bond is broken for the most energy in the body
What are two main locations in the mitochondria? Be specific.
Inner membrane= folded membranes in the center of the mitochondria
Matrix= fluid-like substance that fills the space
What are the trends for a biomass and numbers pyramid?
biomass= total mass of living organic matter at a trophic level decreases as the trophic level increases
numbers= number of organisms at a trophic level, it decreases since energy decreases as you go up the pyramid, fewer organisms can be supported
What is chemosynthesis?
organisms that get energy from chemicals, like those in a sulfur-rich salt marsh
What are the three main parts of the chloroplast? Describe them.
stroma= fluid like filling
Grana= pancake like stacks of THYLAKOID membrane
What is aerobic respiration?
respiration that occurs with oxygen
Glycolysis:
Where does it occur?
What is being used?
What is being made?
glycolysis is the breaking down of glucose into two pyruvate molecules it occurs in the cytoplasm and creates 2 ATP total and 2 NADH
What is broken down first for energy in the body?
Carbohydrates
What are four types of consumers?
Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores, Detrivores (decomposers)
Light reactions:
Where do they occur?
What is used?
What is made?
They are the reactions that capture sunlight using chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane.
They use water and an ETC to absorb energy from the sunlight
They produce oxygen, ATP, NADPH and Hydrogen
What is anaerobic respiration?
respiration that occurs without oxygen, fermentation
Krebs Cycle:
Where does it occur?
What is being used?
What is being made?
Krebs Cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria
Uses pyruvate molecules
Makes 2 ATP, NADH, FADH2 and releases CO2 as a product
Do plants undergo both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Yes photosynthesis makes the sugar and cellular respiration uses the sugar, plants undergo both
What is the rule of ten?
as energy flows from organism to organism, it is used for metabolism and/or converted to heat
because of this, the next organism on the chain only receives 10 percent of the energy obtained at the previous level
Where do they occur?
What do they use?
What do they make?
Light-independent reactions are the Calvin Cycle that occurs in the stroma.
Uses NADPH, H+ and CO2
Makes Glucose
What are the two types of fermentation? Give an example of an organism that does each.
alcoholic fermentation= yeast
lactic acid fermentation= humans
ETC:
Where does it occur?
What is being used?
What is being made?
Uses NADH, FADH2
Makes: ATP
What is the breakdown of ATP production in Aerobic Respiration? (three main parts and each of their ATP productions).
2 ATP from Krebs Cycle
34 ATP from the ETC