Key Terms
Proteins that link each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle fibers.
A) histones
B) centromeres
C) kinetochores
D) fibrins
C) kinetochores
To regulate blood sugar, insulin is released by the pancreas into the bloodstream where it circulates through the body and binds to target cells. This is an example of...
A) Direct Contact
B) Local signaling
C) Long-distance signaling
D) Paracrine signaling
C) Long-distance signaling
Which type of feedback loop reduces the effect of the stimulus?
Negative Feedback
The phases G1, S, and G2 collectively make up a phase of the cell cycle called...
A) Mitosis
B) Interphase
C) Prophase
D) Growth Phase
B) Interphase
Which of the following ligands would most likely bind with an intracellular receptor?
A) A large ligand
B) A polar ligand
C) A steroid hormone
D) A hydrophilic ligand
C) A steroid hormone
Two chromosomes (one from mom and one from dad) that are the same length, have the same centromere position, and carry genes controlling the same characteristics.
A) Sister Chromatids
B) Sister Chromosomes
C) Homologous Chromosomes
D) Homologous Chromatids
C) Homologous Chromosomes
Cell communication through plasmodesmata is an example of...
A) Direct Contact
B) Local Signaling
C) Long-distance signaling
D) Hormone signaling
A) Direct Contact
In a feedback loop, the part of the body that will respond to the signal is called the ...
A) Effector
B) Stimulus
C) Receptor
D) Sensor
A) Effector (usually a muscle or gland)
During which phase is DNA is replicated?
A) G1
B) S
C) G2
D) Mitosis
B) S phase
The secretion of dopamine (a neurotransmitter) is an example of which of the following types of signaling?
A) Synaptic signaling
B) Paracrine signaling
C) Long Distance signaling
D) Local signaling
A) Synaptic signaling
Small, non-protein molecules and ions that help to relay messages and amplify the response inside of cells.
A) Receptors
B) Second messengers
C) Ligands
D) Protein phosphatases
B) Second messengers
Paracrine and synaptic signaling are examples of...
A) Direct Contact
B) Local Signaling
C) Long-distance signaling
D) Hormone signaling
B) Local Signaling
Lane is cold so he starts to shiver in an attempt to increase his body temperature. Which of the following is the effector?
A) Cold weather
B) Shivering
C) Muscles
D) Temperature receptors in Lane's skin
C) Muscles
During which phase of mitosis do the following events occur?
Chromatin condenses; nucleoli disappear; mitotic spindle begins to form.
A) Prophase
B) Prometaphase
C) Metaphase
D) Telophase
A) Prophase
Which enzyme dephosphorylates molecules inside the cell, turning a signal transduction pathway off?
A) Protein Kinase
B) Protein Phosphatase
C) Cyclic AMP
D) Cyclin-dependent Kinase
B) Protein Phosphatase
When cancer cells separate from the tumor and spread elsewhere in the body.
Metastasis
A G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) is an example of which of the following?
A) Plasma Membrane Receptor
B) Intracellular Receptor
C) Non-specific Ligand Receptor
D) Enzyme-linked Receptor
A) Plasma Membrane Receptor
Which of the following is NOT an example of a positive feedback loop?
A) Uterine contractions during labor
B) Blood clotting
C) Fruit ripening
D) Regulating blood sugar
D) Regulating blood sugar
If a cell gets a "STOP" message at the ____ checkpoint and the error cannot be fixed, the cell will undergo apoptosis.
A) G1
B) S
C) G2
D) M
C) G2
Which of the following is NOT an external cell cycle regulator?
A) Cyclin-dependent Kinases
B) Growth Factor Hormones
C) Contact / Density Inhibition
D) Anchorage Dependence
A) Cyclin-dependent Kinases (they are INTERNAL regulators)
The conversion of an extracellular signal to an intracellular signal that will bring about a cellular response is known as ...
Transduction
Name the enzyme that increases signal transduction by phosphorylating molecules inside the cell.
Protein kinase
Which key term is being described?
The values for various physiological conditions that the body tries to maintain, which has a normal range of fluctuation.
Set Point
What does the cell check during the M checkpoint?
Microtubule attachment at kinetochores during metaphase.
The ligands involved with ligand-gated ion channels are most often which class (type) of molecule?
Neurotransmitters