ROCKS
Resulting from the alteration of existing rock through heat and pressure deep within the Earth's crust, this type of rock includes varieties such as marble and slate.
What is metamorphic rock?
The way a mineral breaks along smooth, flat surfaces such as mica.
What is cleavage?
The process by which the chemical composition of the rock changes due to the action of chemical agents.
What is chemical weathering?
This force causes erosion by pulling materials downhill.
What is gravity?
Very large areas of ice that move slowly down a slope or valley or over a wide area of land, and that pick up and transport sediment.
What is a glacier?
A flat region next to a stream that can be covered by water in times of flood.
What is a floodplain?
The page of the ESRT where you can find the Relationship of Transported Particle Size to Water Velocity.
What is page 6 of the ESRT?
Rock salt is composed mainly of the mineral ______________.
What is halite?
The property of a mineral that refers to the way light reflects off its surface.
What is luster?
The process by which rocks and minerals break down into smaller pieces without changing their composition.
What is physical weathering?
This type of erosion involves the wearing away of rock and sediment along coastal areas.
What is wave erosion?
Large scratches in bedrock created when rocks and debris were pushed and dragged by a glacier
What are grooves and scratches?
As a stream’s velocity increase, erosion increases and creates a ___________.
What is a cutbank?
The page of the ESRT where you can find Generalized Landscape Regions of New York City.
What is page 2 of the ESRT?
This type of rock forms from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
What is igneous rock?
The property that describes the color of a minerals powdered form, often determined by rubbing the mineral across a streak plate.
What is streak?
This type of physical weathering occurs when a rock gets hot then cold and contracts many times. Cracks form and pieces of rock fall away.
What are temperature changes?
This type of erosion is caused by large areas of ice passing over land.
What is glacial erosion?
A valley with steep, straight sides and a rounded bottom.
What is a U-shaped valley?
As a stream’s velocity decreases, deposition increases and creates a ___________.
What is a point bar?
This mineral has a hardness of 6.5 and can often appear brassy yellow in color.
What is pyrite?
This type of sedimentary rock forms from the accumulation and cementation of organic remains, such as shells or coral.
What is limestone?
This mineral bubbles with acid and has rhombohedral cleavage.
What is calcite?
The process by which water enters the cracks in rocks, freezes, and expands, causing the rocks to break.
What is freeze-thaw?
Wind erosion often results in the formation of these landforms, which are elongated mounds of sand aligned parallel to the prevailing wind direction
What are sand dunes?
A mass of unsorted rocks and sediment carried down and deposited by a glacier, typically as ridges at its edges.
What is a moraine?
A drainage system that develops in regions where bedrock is homogenous (the same).
What is a dendritic drainage system?
The largest particle that can be transported by a stream if the stream velocity is 200 centimeters per second (cm/s).
What are cobbles?
This metamorphic rock was formed through the metamorphism of quartz sandstone.
What is quartzite?
A scale from 1-10 used as a convenient way to help identify a mineral's hardness by measuring its relative resistance to scratching against another substance.
What is Moh's Hardness Scale?
This agent of weathering is produced when fossil fuels are burned and carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide escape into the air. They then dissolve in the water in the clouds and make the rainwater more acidic than normal.
What is acid rain?
This powerful agent of erosion carves deep v-shaped valleys and canyons over millions of years.
What is flowing water erosion by streams/rivers?
A low oval mound or small hill, typically one of a group, consisting of compacted boulders and clay, molded by past glacial action.
What is a drumlin?
The largest particle that can be transported by a stream if the stream velocity is 1 centimeter per second (cm/s).
What is sand?
When looking at the landscape regions of New York, this boundary separates Lake Ontario and the Erie-Ontario Lowlands.
What is an international boundary?