Renaissance
The English meaning of the French word "Renaissance"
Rebirth
What does it mean to be a Protestant?
A type of Christianity that is NOT Catholic.
List the three American Empires we discussed.
Aztec, Maya, Inca
What is the Counter-Reformation?
Catholic church's response to the Reformation, beginning to fix some of the problems that arose during the Reformation.
This Ocean was crossed by Christopher Columbus on his journey to the Americas.
Atlantic Ocean
List at least 3 prominent artists from the Renaissance AND 2 famous paintings.
Michaelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Donatello
Mona Lisa, Creation of Adam, The Last Supper
What is 1 major effect of the Protestant Reformation?
Translation of the Bible into other languages, emergence of Protestantism, Counter-Reformation
Which Empires existed in MesoAmerica?
Aztec and Maya
What is the Edict of Worms?
Declare Martin Luther an outlaw, banning his writings (95 Theses)
Explain the causes for exploration (3Gs).
Gold: searching for wealth from gold/resources
God: desire to spread Christianity
Glory: desire to "make a name for themselves", want things named after them, want fame
Define the Renaissance.
A time period in Europe from the 1300s to the 1600s which saw significant growth in the arts and scientific understanding, including ideas in painting, astronomy, and secularism.
Define the Protestant Reformation.
A religious movement closely tied to the Renaissance in which people begin to question the teachings of the Catholic Church.
What are some causes of decline for American Empire? List 2
Overtaken by Spanish conquistadors, less advanced weapons, disease weakens Native populations
Who is Johannes Gutenberg?
Inventor of the Printing Press, allowed faster printing of books (particularly the Bible)
Name 3 things exchanged in the Columbian exchange that are NOT FOOD OR ANIMALS.
Ex. CHRISTIANITY, Disease (small pox, plague, influenza, etc.), technology (steel, guns)
Describe the message of "The Prince" by Niccolo Machiavelli
The ends justify the means, leaders should do whatever is necessary to maintain their power.
Describe Martin Luther.
A German monk/religious leader who wrote the 95 theses, sparking the Protestant Reformation
What is Francisco Pizarro known for?
The conquistador who overtook the Inca Empire and forced their submission to Spanish rule.
How did vernacular contribute to the Reformation?
Bible now translated into languages that more people can understand, lowers reliance on the teachings of the Catholic Church
Describe Columbus' Journey (why he traveled, where he started, where he ended)
Looking for a shorter trade route to Asia, commissioned by SPAIN, landed in the Bahamas thinking it was India
Where did the Renaissance begin? Why did it begin there?
Florence, Italy; it was a major trading city known for its wealth and educated society that made way for Greek scholars to spread information and ideas.
List the three causes of the Protestant Reformation that we discussed in class.
1. Sale of Indulgences
2. Bible only available in Latin
3. Desire for reliance on Bible for messages instead of Pope
What is Hernando Cortez known for?
The Spanish conquistador who overtook the Maya and Aztec civilizations in Mesoamerica
A payment made to the Catholic Church to lessen one's punishment for their sins.
Name 2 diseases from the OLD WORLD and explain their effect.
Ex. Plague, Small Pox, Influenza, Chicken Pox
Killed 90% of native populations in the Americas, made civilization and invasion much easier by weakening Natives