Scientific Ideas
What did Karl Marx attempt to formulate?
Natural laws that applied to history like scientists and philosophers had done for their fields
What is syncretism?
When two religions blend into a third one that has elements of both
Why did Protestants want to leave the Catholic Church?
Because of corruption in the Church
What was the practice of kaozheng?
Research based on evidence
Who started the Scientific Revolution?
Nicolaus Copernicus
What did Charles Darwin argue?
That plants and animals best adapted to their environments were most likely to survive
What are changes and continuities in the European view of the solar system?
Change: Discovery that the earth revolves around the sun (heliocentrism)
Continuity: Belief that God created the universe
What effect did the Protestant Reformation have on women?
They became more literate, but lost the option of becoming nuns in Protestant areas
Ideas from which scientific fields came out of the Islamic World?
Medicine, astronomy, mathematics, and philosophy
What are the 5 K's of Sikhism?
Kanga (comb), Kesh (turban), Kirpan (sword), Kara (bracelet), Kachira (shorts/underwear)
What did Sigmund Freud apply scientific methods to?
The mind and mental/emotional problems
Why did most lower classes choose syncretized religion rather than upper class orthodoxy?
Because they can't read the holy texts
Who were the most important Protestant reformers?
Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII
What was "Dutch Learning"?
Scientific knowledge that the Dutch brought to Japan
How did Sikhism come into being?
It took elements from nearby Hindus and Muslims
What did Karl Marx say would have to happen to create an equal society?
A revolution where the workers overthrow the owners
What was Wahhabism, and why was it successful?
A movement to go back to original Islam, it was backed by the influential al-Saud family
What were Calvin's followers called?
Calvinists
What did the Chinese apply kaozheng to?
Medicine, farming, and history
Who improved the telescope?
Galileo
Which animals did Charles Darwin start off studying?
Beetles
What was Islamization?
The practice of converting communities to Islam
What was the war that resulted from the Protestant Reformation?
30 Years' War
Did the Ottomans urgently want to translate European scientific texts?
No, because they had a long history of math, science, medicine, and philosophy
Why was the Bhakti Movement popular?
Because it helped bridge the gap between Hindus and Muslims