Maritime Technology & Exploration
This term refers to the exchange of goods, ideas, and technologies between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres after 1492.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
These two European nations led early maritime exploration and colonization in the 15th and 16th centuries.
What are Spain and Portugal?
The global circulation of this precious metal, mined in Spanish America, linked Europe, Africa, and Asia in trade.
What is silver?
This 1680 revolt by Indigenous peoples in New Mexico successfully expelled the Spanish for over a decade.
What was the Pueblo Revolt?
This economic theory, championed by French minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert, justified European colonialism as a means to enrich the mother country.
What is mercantilism?
This Portuguese-designed ship, fast and maneuverable with lateen sails, made long-distance voyages possible.
What is the caravel?
This 1494 agreement divided the non-European world between Spain and Portugal.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
This crop, native to the Andes, became a dietary staple in Europe and contributed to population growth.
What is the potato?
This female African ruler fought against Portuguese expansion in Angola in the 17th century.
Who was Queen Nzinga?
This 17th-century English company established monopolies on trade with Asia, playing a key role in British imperial expansion.
What is the British East India Company (EIC)?
This 15th-century Portuguese prince sponsored voyages along the African coast and helped establish a school for navigation.
Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?
These state-backed business organizations, like the VOC and EIC, funded global exploration and colonization.
What are joint-stock companies?
The exchange of enslaved Africans, manufactured goods, and raw materials across the Atlantic was known as this.
What is the Triangular Trade?
This French revolt by nobles against royal power occurred during the early reign of Louis XIV.
What was The Fronde?
This coerced labor system in Spanish America was adapted from an Incan practice of rotational work.
What was the mita system?
This 16th-century Spanish explorer's crew completed the first voyage around the world, proving global sea travel was possible.
Who was Ferdinand Magellan?
This Dutch company, founded in 1602, became the first multinational corporation and dominated trade in the Indian Ocean.
What is the Dutch East India Company (VOC)?
This Spanish colonial city in the Philippines became the key hub of global silver exchange between the Americas and China.
What is Manila?
This Japanese shogun unified Japan in 1600 after the Battle of Sekigahara and established a centralized feudal government.
Who was Tokugawa Ieyasu?
This global trade route connected the Spanish colonies in the Americas, the Philippines, and Ming China, facilitating the flow of silver and luxury goods.
What was the Manila Galleon trade network?
This Italian cartographer’s name was used to label the “New World” on early 16th-century maps.
Who was Amerigo Vespucci?
This English explorer claimed much of North America’s northeastern coast for England in 1497.
Who was John Cabot?
This enslaved African and author described the horrors of the Middle Passage in his autobiography, giving historians firsthand evidence of the Atlantic slave trade.
Who was Olaudah Equiano?
This Andean revolutionary leader, claiming descent from Incan royalty, led an Indigenous rebellion against Spanish colonial rule in the 18th century.
Who was Túpac Amaru II?
This woman became unusually powerful in the Ottoman Empire. When she was a young girl, Crimean raiders stole Roxelana from her home in Eastern Europe and sold her into slavery in the Ottoman Empire. She was forced to convert to Islam and entered the harem of Suleiman the Magnificent, sultan of the empire. Suleiman was notable for his military and administrative skill. Suleiman married her, which was highly unusual. She went from being enslaved to commissioning ambitious public works projects.
Who was Roxelana?