Motivation
Non-human organisms are born with certain inborn tendencies that are designed to help them survive.
Instinct Theory
An external stimulus leads to a physiological reaction. Your emotional reaction depends upon how you interpret those physical reactions.
James-Lange Theory
This is the need to build and maintain relationships and feel part of a group. It is a key human motivation.
affiliation
Birds flying south for winter.
Instinct Theory
You see a bear (stimulus) you start to shake (psysioloigcal response) and you are scared because of the shaking (emotion).
James-Lange Theory
People are motivated to grow and change by three innate psychological needs - autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
Self-determination Theory
Focuses on how individuals interpret and evaluate events to determine their emotional responses.
Cognitive Appraisal Theory
When this level drops, you won’t consciously notice it, but your stomach, intestines, and liver will send signals to your brain, prompting the feeling of hunger.
glucose
Some people will take on extra work to gain an end-of-year bonus at work.
Incentive Theory
You see a bear (stimulus) you determine the bear is dangerous (cognitive label) so you start to shake (physiological response) AND you are scared (emotion).
Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Suggests that behavior is motivated by the need to reduce physiological imbalances and maintain homeostasis.
Drive Reduction Theory
Emotions important for survival happen instantly, without conscious cognition, while emotions that have less impact on survival occur after cognition.
Zajonc-Ledoux Theory
According to the ecology of eating, social situations, the time of day, and this can trigger feelings of hunger.
presence of food
Suppose you're at the dentist's office, and you have to choose between getting a painful tooth extraction or living with constant tooth pain. Both options are undesirable, forcing you to choose the lesser of two evils.
Motivational Conflict Theory - avoidance-avoidance conflict
You see a bear (stimulus) so you start to shake (physiological response) AND you are scared (emotion).
Cannon-Bard Theory
Suggests that people are driven toward situations and activities that will maintain an optimum level of arousal, such as alertness, interest, and energy.
Arousal Theory
The theory proposes that emotions result when the thalamus sends a message to the brain in response to a stimulus, resulting in a physiological reaction. At the same time, the brain also receives signals triggering the emotional experience.
Cannon-Bard Theory
Several neural areas, including parts of the hippocampus and _____, play a role in the hunger process.
hypothalamus
An individual who travels to remote, culturally unique destinations, exploring new foods, languages, and customs.
Sensation-Seeking Theory
You see a bear (stimulus) you start to shake (physiological response) AND interpret the shaking (cognitive label). Then you are scared because of the shaking and the interpretation of the shaking (emotion).
Schachter-Singer Two Factor Theory
Suggests some individuals have a heightened need for varied, novel, and intense experiences.
Sensation-seeking Theory
A stimulus leads to a physiological response that is then cognitively interpreted and labeled, resulting in an emotion.
Schachter-Singer Two Factor Theory
This is the amount of energy expended while at rest, which accounts for the majority of our daily caloric burn.
basal metabolic rate
The video game you are playing isn't too hard and it isn't too easy so it keeps someone interested in playing it over and over.
Arousal Theory
You see a bear (stimulus) you fear for your life (emotion) so you run to survive (cognition).
Zajonc-Ledoux Theory