Political Ideologies
This political philosophy favors traditional institutions, gradual change, and the preservation of established social hierarchies and customs.
What is conservatism?
This economic system is based on private ownership of the means of production, free markets, and the pursuit of profit. Outlined by Adam Smith's Wealth of the Nations
What is capitalism?
This successful slave rebellion, against the French, (1791-1804) led to the creation of the first independent Black republic in the Western Hemisphere.
What is the Haitian Revolution?
This American inventor created the cotton gin and pioneered the use of interchangeable parts in manufacturing.
Who is Eli Whitney?
This philosophical method emphasizes knowledge gained through sensory experience and scientific observation rather than pure reason.
What is empiricism?
This political philosophy emphasizes individual rights, limited government, free markets, and constitutional protections for civil liberties.
What is liberalism?
This radical economic and political theory advocates for a classless, stateless society where the means of production are commonly owned. Founded by Karl Marx.
What is communism?
These independence movements liberated much of South America from Spanish colonial rule. With the idea of a Gran Columbia.
What are the Bolivar Revolutions?
This manufacturing innovation allowed for mass production by making components standardized and easily replaceable.
What are interchangeable parts?
These worker organizations formed to collectively bargain for better wages, working conditions, and rights during the Industrial Revolution.
What are labor unions?
This ideology promotes the interests and culture of a particular group of people, often seeking political independence or unification based on shared cultural identity.
What is nationalism?
This economic system advocates for collective ownership of the means of production and the elimination of class distinctions.
What is socialism?
This 19th-century movement unified the European southern peninsula into a single nation-state, overcoming centuries of political fragmentation.
What is Italian Unification?
This agricultural transformation in Britain consolidated small farms into larger, more efficient units, displacing many rural workers.
What is the enclosure movement?
This middle class owns the means of production and exploits the labor of workers, according to Marxist analysis.
What is the bourgeoisie?
This 19th-century diplomatic approach prioritized practical political considerations over ideological principles, famously practiced by Otto von Bismarck.
What is realpolitik?
This 1848 work by Marx and Engels outlined the theory of class struggle and called for workers to unite against capitalist exploitation.
What is the Communist Manifesto?
This Italian term meaning "resurgence" described the cultural and political movement that led to Italian unification.
What is the Risorgimento?
This pre-industrial manufacturing system involved rural families producing goods in their homes for merchant entrepreneurs.
What is cottage industry?
This nationalist movement sought to establish a Jewish homeland, eventually leading to the creation of Israel.
What is Zionism?
This Turkish reform movement sought to modernize and strengthen the empire by emphasizing the Turkish identity over ethnic or religious divisions.
What is Ottomanism?
This philosophical approach developed by Jeremy Bentham judges actions by their consequences and seeks "the greatest happiness for the greatest number."
What is utilitarianism?
his 1868 Japanese revolution overthrew the Tokugawa shogunate and restored imperial rule, leading to rapid modernization.
What is the Meiji Restoration?
This industrialized railroad spanning from Moscow to Vladivostok opened up Siberia and connected European Russia to the Pacific Ocean.
What is the Trans-Siberian Railroad?
These powerful Japanese industrial and financial conglomerates dominated the economy during the Meiji period and beyond.
What are zaibatsu?