DNA Discovery
The two components forming the repeating backbone units of DNA.
What are deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate groups?
List the four DNA bases.
What are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine?
DNA to mRNA in the nucleus.
What is the process of transcription?
The region of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the ________ ________.
What is active site?
mRNA location and function
What is the nucleus and transcription?
Type of bond between complementary bases.
What are hydrogen bonds?
List the four RNA bases.
What are adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine?
mRNA to amino acid with the help of tRNA on a ribosome
What is translation?
Two important factors are ________ and ________.
What are temperature and pH?
tRNA location and function
What is ribosome and brings the amino acid that matches the mRNA?
Her contribution to understanding DNA structure using X‑ray images.
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
Three shared components of RNA and DNA.
What are a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base?
Product assembled from amino acids.
What are proteins?
Most human enzymes have an optimal temperature near ________°C and an optimal pH near ________.
What is about 37°C and near pH 7?
rRNA location and function
What is ribosome and hold the mRNA and tRNA together?
Two scientists credited with discovering DNA’s double-helix and a short description of their model.
Who are Watson and Crick?
Summarize three core differences between RNA and DNA.
What are (1) DNA is double‑stranded while RNA is usually single‑stranded, (2) DNA contains deoxyribose while RNA contains ribose, and (3) DNA has thymine, whereas RNA has uracil?
Standard start codon and its amino acid.
What is AUG, and it codes for methionine?
A DNA molecule has a sequence of TAC CCC GAC its mRNA complement is _____________.
What is AUG GGG CUG?
A long chain of amino acids.
What is a protein?
A DNA molecule has 25 bases of adenine, then it has _______ bases of thymine.
What is 25?
A DNA molecule has 40 bases of cytosine, then it has ___ bases of guanine.
What is 40?
In RNA the base adenine pair with the base ______.
What is uracil?
Three components of a nucleotide (list).
What are a phosphate group, a five‑carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base?
Increase
What do mutations do to the diversity of life?