Earth's layers
The outermost solid layer of Earth
What is the Crust?
continents that were joined in a single landmass, 245 million years ago
What is Pangaea?
process by which rocks change shape when under stress
What is Deformation?
any place where gas, ash, or melted rock come out of the ground
What is a Volcano?
ground movements that occur when blocks of rock in Earth move suddenly and release energy
What is an Earthquake?
located between the core and the crust
What is the Mantle?
describes large-scale movements of Earth's lithosphere
What is Plate Tectonics?
crack that forms when large blocks of rock break and move past each other
What is a Fault?
melted rock that is less dense than solid rock that it rises toward the surface
What is magma?
place within Earth along a fault at which the first motion of an Earthquake occurs
What is a Focus?
extends from below the mantle to the center of the Earth
What is the Core?
Where 2 plates collide
What is a Convergent boundary?
stress that stresses or pulls rock apart
What is Tension?
magma that has reached Earth's surface
What is lava?
directly above the focus on Earth's surface
What is an Epicenter?
layer of rock or soft mantle
What is the Asthenosphere?
When 2 plates move away from one another
What is a Divergent boundary?
stress that squeezes or pushes rock together
What is Compression?
Where lava and clouds of ash erupt (opening of a volcano)
What is a vent?
extremely long waves that can travel across the ocean at speeds of 800 km/h
strong, lower part of the mantle
What is the Mesosphere?
When 2 plates move past each other horizontally
What is a Transform boundary?
stress that pushes rock in parallel but opposite directions
What is shear stress?
resistance of liquid material
What is viscosity?
Return of rock to its original shape after stress is removed
What is Elastic deformation?