Know this
What drug is for 100% anti anxiety
BusPar
A- delta fibers
unmyelinated pain sensors- feels sharp
what is white matter
myelinated axons including basal ganglia
What are the pain rating scale faces called?
Wong-Baker Faces
which drugs takes out stage 4 REM sleep
benzodiazepines
what causes Reyes syndrome
aspirin
What does sedative mean?
induces calmness
what is grey matter
groups of cell bodies sometimes called extrapyramidal system (EPS)
what is chronic pain
pain lasting more than 6 months
Benzodiazepines effect which receptors, are used for what, side effects
antidote?
GABA receptors, anxiety, depression, preanesthesia, withdrawal, seizures.
abuse, dependence, tolerance, detains, respiratory depression
flumazenil
Which drugs are NOT for pain relief
barbiturate, benzodiazepines, alcohol
What does hypnotic mean?
induces sleep
Where is the pituitary gland attached? It controls body functions including: temperature, water balance, appetite, sleep, ANS, and emotional responses.
WHAT DOES THE PITUITARY GLAND DO?
Pituitary gland regulates the function of other endocrine glands. it is the master gland
what is visceral pain
hard to identify, dull aching pain, may also be referred.
Explain barbiturates, uses, side effects, contraindications
low dose sedative (reduce anxiety) effects GABA, high dose hypnotic (induce sleep) causes general depression of CNS. anesthetic, anticonvulsant,
excessive CNS depressant, CNS excitement, rebound insomnia, respiratory depression,
NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX, CHRONIC POISONING
NO ALCOHOL
Which drugs induce sleep only (nonbarbiturates)
Chloral hydrate
GABA- 1 receptor agonists
Melatonin Receptor agonist
OTC agents (Benadryl)
C fibers
unmyelinated, dull aching pain is felt
Part of the brain w/ 3 vital centers: cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory.
Injury to this area results in death, overdose with drugs (alcohol, barbiturates) causes death be depressing these functions.
Medulla Oblongata
What receptors do opiates work on, give an example of side effect for each
mu- sedation, euphoria, respiratory depression
kappa- sedation
delta
explain alcohol MOA, effects, and drugs for abuse
GABA receptor agonist
euphoria, temporary increase in activity then crash
decrease fine motor skills
diuresis
SEDATIVE HYPNOTIC
can cause liver, breast, esphogeal cancer, fetal alcohol syndrome
ANTABUSE
which drug is safe for children and is an analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, and anti platelet
side effect
ibuprofen
destroy mucus coating in stomach lining
describe neuropathic pain
pain resulting from abnormal signals or damaged nerves such as pinched nerve feels like carpal tunnel, phantom amputee pain
What drugs effect the reticular formation and what do they cause
alcohol, barbiturates, and other depressant drugs- decrease activity of RT and may induce sleep or unconsciousness
stimulants such as amphetamines and caffeine increase activity of the RT to maintain wakefulness
Explain mixed opioid agonist- antagonist agents (receptors, when to use)
bind with kappa receptors and block or have minimal effect on mu receptors.
mild to moderate pain, OBGYN safe
3 types of stimulants and their uses
amphetamines, anorexiants, analeptics
amphetamine: narcolepsy, indigenous obesity, ADHD, mental depression, withdrawal symptoms
Anorexiants: suppress appetite
Analeptics: OTC caffeine to increase wakefulness, overdose of CNS depressant, migraine headaches, respiratory depression. (other side effects are: teratogenesis, caffeinism, seizures)
ALL have dependence and tolerance as side effects.