Caliphs & Caliphates
This father-in-law to Muhammad was the first Caliph and compiled the Qur'an
Abu-Bakr
This is where Islam was started and also serves as the religion’s holy site
Mecca
This Mecca-born merchant is the founder and final prophet of Islam
Muhammad
The pillar which is a profession of faith to Islam, that there is no god but God and that Muhammad is God’s messenger
Shahadah
This record of Muhammad’s preachings, written by his scribes, serves as the centralized religious text of Islam
Qur'an
This Caliphate presided over the Golden Age of Islam and established the House of Wisdom in Baghdad
Abbasid
Muhammad fled here in 622 ce to avoid persecution in what would become known as the Hijrah
Medina
This 'Magnificent' Sultan oversaw the Ottoman Empire at its peak, instituting new tax law and creating protections for non-Muslims
Suleiman I
The pillar which is prayer that is done 5 times per day facing the direction of Mecca
Salat
A monotheistic reform religion that is currently the second largest in the world with over 1.8 billion members
Islam
This Caliphate, which expanded the Islamic Empire into Spain, India, and North Africa, implemented Arabic as its official language
Umayyad
This capital of the Byzantine Empire was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and renamed to Istanbul ('city of Islam')
Constantinople
A wealthy-caravan trader who was the first female convert to Islam
Khadijah
The pillar which emphasizes charity, giving to those less fortunate
Zakat
This is what members of the Islamic faith are called
Muslim
This cousin and son-in-law to Muhammad is at the center of the Sunni-Shiite divide
Ali
This modern-day country was once at the center of the Ottoman Empire
Turkey
The son of Murad II who is responsible for the fall of Constantinople
Mehmed II
The pillar which implements a fast during the 9th month of the Islamic calendar
Sawm
This is the title given to a ruler of the Ottoman Empire, translates to 'one with power'
Sultan
This Caliphate, which consists of the first 4 caliphs, was the first and can be characterized by rapid expansion of the Islamic Empire via military prowess
Rashidun
An area that is surrounded by Asia, Europe, and Africa, where the Islamic Empires began
Arabian Peninsula
Although both Christianity & Islam view him as a prophet to God, Islam does not view this person as his son
Jesus
The pillar which encourages a pilgrimage to Islam’s holy site at least once during a person’s lifetime if they are able to
Hajj
This Islamic holiday is celebrated during the 9th month of the Islamic calendar, in which the participants fast in the daytime
Ramadan