Labor Movement
What is an organized group of workers that works together to improve wages, hours, and working conditions?
labor union
What immigration processing station was located in New York Harbor?
What happened to crop prices when farmers produced more crops than the market could absorb?
prices fell, reducing farmers income
What is a work stoppage by employees used to pressure an employer?
strike
What 1882 law restricted Chinese immigration and barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States?
Chinese exclusion act
What labor organization included both skilled and unskilled workers and sought broad reforms?
Knights of Labor
What is the growth of cities as people move into urban areas?
Urbanization
What farmer organization promoted cooperation and reforms, including railroad regulation?
grange movement
What is it called when an employer prevents workers from working during a labor dispute?
lockout
What process involves adopting U.S. language, customs, and culture?
Americanization
What labor organization was led by Samuel Gompers and focused mainly on skilled workers?
AFL
What immigration processing station in San Francisco Bay was especially associated with Asian immigrants?
Angel Island
What 1892 political party represented farmers and workers and supported economic and political reforms?
populist party
What 1886 Chicago labor protest became violent after a bomb was thrown?
haymarket riot
What 1887 law created the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate interstate railroads?
interstate commerce act
What were private security/detective agents sometimes hired by businesses to protect property or break strikes called?
Pinkertons
What was a crowded, often poorly maintained apartment building in a city called?
Tenement
How did high railroad shipping costs affect farmers?
reduced farmers profit
What 1892 strike involved steelworkers, Pinkertons, and Carnegie Steel?
homestead strike
What organization controlled city politics by exchanging jobs and services for political support?
political machine
Name three problems faced by workers during industrialization.
Any three: long hours, low wages, dangerous conditions, child labor, repetitive work, unemployment, lack of advancement, poor living conditions
Give 1 push factor and 1 pull factor that influenced immigration to the United States.
Push: poverty, famine, unemployment, persecution, war, lack of opportunity. Pull: jobs, higher wages, land, freedom, economic opportunity, better life
What did Wabash v. Illinois rule about state regulation of railroads?
states could not regulate interstate railroad rates
What 1894 strike was a nationwide railroad strike and boycott in the United States that pitted the American Railway Union (ARU) against the Pullman Company and the federal government.
Pullman strike
What Supreme Court case upheld state regulation of businesses affecting the public interest?
munn v illinois