Vocabulary
What is the scientific term for DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
In 1869, Friedrich Miescher first discovered DNA through the composition of blood cells. He isolated a new molecule called ________, which consists DNA with proteins.
Nuclein
The stages of the cell cycle are divided into how many phases?
2 phases: interphase & mitotic phase
What are the 4 phases of mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
What types of bonding are involved within a DNA Structure? Where does each type of bond occur?
Covalent Bonding & Hydrogen Bonding
Covalent Bond - backbone of DNA = between a phosphate & deoxyribose sugar
Hydrogen Bond - between the 2 nitrogenous bases
What is the name of the shape of DNA?
Twisted Double Helix
Who discovered that DNA was a molecule of inheritance and could transfer genetic information from cell to cell back in 1928?
Fredrick Griffith
The interphase is broken down into how many stages?
3 stages
What is the name of the phase where the sister chromatids, or individual chromosomes, move away from each other
Anaphase
Where is DNA found within the eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
What does a nucleotide consists of?
A phosphate, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base
What are the 3 important roles that DNA undergo?
Storing, replicating, and transmitting genetic information
Names the 3 stages within Interphase
G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis) Phase, G2 (Gap 2)
What is the name of the phase where chromosomes are lined up in the middle of a cell
Metaphase
DNA replication occurs in which phase of the cell cycle?
S (Synthesis) Phase
A ____________ is a long DNA molecule made of proteins that carries genetic information from cell to cell.
chromosome
In each nucleotide, what are the four possible nitrogenous bases?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, & Guanine
What type of tumors cause cancer?
Malignant tumors
Cytokinesis completes cell division by splitting the cytoplasm to create two new ________________.
identical daughter cells
One strand of a DNA molecule has the base
sequence of ATC – CAG – TCA.
What
sequence of bases with the complementary
strand of DNA contain?
TAG - GTC - AGT
The _________ is a series of events that takes place as a cell grows and divides to make two new identical cells, called daughter cells.
cell cycle
Based on Erwin Chargaff's rule, which nitrogenous bases always pair with one another?
Adenine always pair with Thymine.
Cytosine always pair with Guanine.
Name one risk factor for cancer
answers may vary:
smoking
obesity
UV exposure
faulty genes
Reproductive cells, like egg or sperm, undergo a different type of cell reproduction called ___________.
Meiosis
Who was Rosalind Franklin?
The scientist that first discovered the shape of DNA through a photograph of a crystallized DNA.