The Digestive System
This organ is another name for the colon.
The large intestine
Unlike water-soluble vitamins, excess fat-soluble vitamins are stored here.
adipose tissue (or fat cells)
This organ is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.
Kidneys
These two hormones, secreted by the pancreas, help regulate blood sugar levels.
Insulin ↓, glucagon ↑
This macromolecule is broken down into amino acids.
protein
The majority of chemical digestion occurs in this part of the small intestine.
the duodenum
The chemical digestion of carbohydrates begins in this part of the digestive system.
the mouth
Urine passes through this tube from the kidney to the bladder.
ureter
This metabolic process breaks down molecules to release energy.
catabolism
Carbohydrates are broken down into these simple sugars.
monosaccharides (or glucose)
This structure secretes enzymes that help digest carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
the pancreas
The liver produces this substance, which is essential for fat digestion.
bile
This structure stores urine before it is excreted from the body.
bladder
This organ receives oxygenated and nutrient-filled blood before it gets sent throughout the body.
liver
Lipids are broken down into these two main components.
glycerol and fatty acids
This structure stores and concentrates bile until it is needed.
the gallbladder
This vitamin is water-soluble and commonly associated with energy metabolism.
vitamin B
This process occurs when substances in the blood move from the capillaries into the kidney filtrate.
secretion
The process in which the body converts glucose into ATP for energy.
glycolysis
Lipids serve many functions, but they are primarily used by the body for this.
long-term energy storage (or insulation and cell membrane structure)
This term describes food once it has been broken down into a semi-liquid form in the stomach.
chyme
The failure of this sphincter to close properly can lead to acid reflux.
the gastroesophageal sphincter
This part of the kidney acts as a mechanical filter between the blood and Bowman’s capsule.
glomerulus
Glucose is our body’s main energy source during this nutritional state.
the absorptive state
Carbohydrates are primarily used by the body for this purpose.
providing energy