Vocabulary
This is the name for a large scale industrial farm where animals are raised in confinement for meat, eggs, milk
What is a CAFO/Feedlot?
This is when DNA is altered in a plant to produce a specific result.
What is a Genetically Modified Organism?
When was the rise of urbanization?
What is industrial revolution?
What is 1800s- 1900s
This is the organized growing of marine organisms for consumption.
What is aquaculture?
Explain why soil is important to plants
What is provides structure and nutrients to crop in agriculture?
Where does phosphorus come from naturally?
What is weathering of rocks
This was a movement from small scale farming to mechanized farming.
What is the Green Revolution?
This is a solution for monoculture.
What is crop rotation?
What is interplanting?
What is agroforestry?
This is the uncontrolled spread of a city.
What is urban sprawl?
This is the least effective method of irrigation.
What is furrow irrigation?
Farmers use various methods of irrigation on crops. Which of the following statements correctly pairs an irrigation method with an advantage or disadvantage?
A) Drip irrigation is readily used in large-scale farming because of the low cost associated with this method.
B) Flood irrigation is often used in agricultural fields, however, it increases surface erosion and salinization of the soil.
C) Furrow irrigation is a method in which farmers plant two different types of crops in alternating strips which increases productivity.
D) Spray irrigation loses the least amount of water to evaporation.
B) Flood irrigation is often used in agricultural fields, however, it increases surface erosion and salinization of the soil.
This is the meat source with the highest demand on water per kg protein.
What is beef?
This is the phenomena that results from overuse of shared land.
What is the Tragedy of the Commons?
This is the use of living organisms to deter pests.
What is biocontrol?
Name the three pillars of sustainability and explain why they are important
Economic, Society/Social, Environment. You can't worry about sustainability if your basic needs aren't met
This is the fishing technique where nets are dragged along the bottom of the seafloor.
What is trawling?
Fires deliberately set under controlled conditions to decrease dead mass on the forest floor.
What is a prescribed burn?
Name the steps of the phosphorus cycle
What are:
Weathering
Absorption by Plants
Absorption by Animals
Return to the Environment through Decomposition
1) This is describes a surface that does not allow water to seep into the ground.
2) This describes a surface that does allow water to seep into the ground.
What is an impermeable surface?
What is a permeable surface?
Define GMOs. What are the drawbacks of using GMOs?
Genetically Modified Organisms- organisms that have been bred for specific traits.
Drawbacks: They are all clones, they can be wiped out by disease, they're expensive, and they lower biodiversity.
Name two negative impacts of urbanization
Noise pollution
Air pollution
Littering
Water pollution
Saltwater intrusion
Increased CO2 emissions
Explain how longline fishing works
A long line is put into the water with thousands of baited hooks to catch fish. It's often used to catch open ocean fish like swordfish, shark and tuna.
2 direct effects of clearcutting.
What are: soil erosion, increased soil temperature, increased stream temperatures, flooding, landslides?
Explain how purse seine fishing works
What is A school of fish is located then surrounded by a net that is closed like a drawstring purse?
This is when the ground has acculumated an excess of water soluble minerals.
What is salinization?
Explain the difference between free range animal farms and CAFOs
CAFOs animals are kept close together in cages or pens and are not allowed outside. Meat is more inexpensive.
Free range animals are allowed outside to roam and graze. Better living conditions for animals but meat is more expensive.
How do cities impact water runoff?
They have more impermeable surfaces (like concrete and asphalt) which leads to runoff.
This method of irrigation is the most costly to set up but the most efficient to use.
What is drip irrigation?
Sustainable alternatives to clearcutting.
What is selective cutting, strip cutting, tree plantations (when done well)?
When cattle are allowed to feed in an area for to long it is called this__________ which can cause ____________ making the land usable.
What is overgrazing and dessertification?
Name the pesticides type used to kill a rat and the pesticide type used to kill funguses
What is rodenticide and fungicide?
Explain three sustainable agricultural practices
Contour plowing follows the natural contours of the land when plowing to reduce soil erosion.
No-till agriculture is a type of farming wherevery little soil preparation or tilling is done and reduces the erosion from this type of farming.
Windbreaks are rows of trees or high-standing bushes are planted to prevent wind effects and block out direct impact.
Crop rotation involves planting a series of different crops in a field over a number of years, with each crop being chosen to add nutrients back to the soil that were depleted by the previous crop.
Terracing is a farming practice used to cut out flat sections within hilly areas.
Strip farming is done when a series of long rows that are alternated with areas that are not planted. This is a technique used in crop rotation.
A way to improve the health of the soil and fertility is to add green manure.
Identify which type of countries (developed/developing) are more likely to eat meat and explain why
Developed countries because they have higher incomes and afford meat
Name two positives and one drawback from aquacultures
Positives: It is efficient. Aquacultures create a healthy habitat that is raising healthy fish populations. Helps restock depleted or threatened populations of fish that may be considered endangered. Generates income.
Drawback:Controlling the waste from the fishing. It is really easy to transfer a disease from fish to fish. If farm raised fish escape into the wild, they can change the genetics of the wild fish. They can outcompete native fish.
Explain how trees are an example of the tragedy of the commons. Include air pollution in your answer.
Trees take a very long time to reach maturity (grow into adults). If logging is not managed deforestation occurs and then we see loss of habitats, increase in air pollution bc trees are carbon sinks, and soil erosion.
A way to make cities more sustainable
Plant trees, rain gardens, green roofs, build up not out, public transportation