Blood Vessels
What are the three primary blood vessels?
Artery, Vein, Capillary
What side of the heart does deoxygenated blood enter?
The right side through the superior and inferior vena cava
What's the average heart rate for a human?
70 bpm
What do the top and bottom number of blood pressure represent?
Top: systolic blood pressure
Bottom: diastolic blood pressure
What muscle is found in the ventricles? (and connects to the tricuspid/bicuspid valves to help open/close them)
Papillary muscle
Where do the veins, arteries, and capillaries deliver blood/where does the blood go? BONUS: Where are capillaries mainly found?
Arteries: From the heart
Veins: To the heart
Capillaries: To body tissues/organs (BONUS: mainly found in the lungs/intestines
What is the main idea of circulation? Do all the "steps" happen in order?
To get blood to the lungs and rest of the body; no, they happen all at once for the most part
What part of the heart brings in deoxygenated blood?
Inferior and Superior Vena Cava
What's the average blood pressure for a human?
120/80 mmHg (mm/mercury)
Arteries because they carry blood away from the heart
Which blood vessel type contains deoxygenated blood and what is the exception to this?
Veins; pulmonary veins/arteries (switched)
What are the main valves called?
Bicuspid/Tricuspid valves, and Semilunar valves
Which side of the heart is thicker? Why?
The left (ventricle) side because it pumps blood to the entire body which requires greater force (right (ventricle) side pumps blood to just lungs)
What is the recovery rate?
How quickly your blood pressure returns to baseline levels after physical stress or exercise, (often measured by comparing systolic blood pressure (SBP) at different points in time after exercise)
What is the bodies largest artery?
The aorta (carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body)
What do veins contain in their structure that arteries and capillaries don't? What do they do?
Valves; prevent backflow of blood
What is diastole and systole?
Diastole: When the heart relaxes and allows chambers to fill with blood
Systole: When the heart contracts and pumps blood out
What part of the heart generates signals for the heart to contract?
The pacemaker (sinoatrial (SA) node)
What is blood pressure?
The force exerted by circulating blood against the inner walls of your blood vessels (fluid pressure)(usually arteries, as the heart pumps blood around your body);
What does the P wave, QRS, and T wave represent? (EKG)
P wave: atrial depolarization
QRS: Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
T wave: Ventricular repolarization
What is the main purpose of capillaries?
Create a large surface area available for the exchange of gases, fluids, nutrients, and waste between blood and body tissues by connecting arteries and veins
Once the lungs have acquired oxygen what brings the blood to the left atrium to get ready for transporting the oxygenated blood to the body?
Pulmonary veins
How does the heart produces a heartbeat? (Hint: think valves, atria, and ventricles)(Also diastole and systole)
1) Heart is relaxed (diastole); semilunar valves are closed; AV valves are open allowing deoxygenated blood in
2) Atria contract; pumping blood into the ventricles (systole)
3) Ventricles contract; semilunar valves are opened; AV valves are closed allowing no blood to enter (systole)
4) Repeat
What causes blood pressure? BONUS; why is BP higher in mammals and birds?
Ventricular contraction; BONUS: because they require higher blood flow because they have high oxygen-transport demands (aka need more oxygen)
Higher metabolic rates occur with decreased body size which causes a _____ heart rate. (AKA when metabolic rate goes up, heart rate goes _____)