UNIT 5: Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Cell Cycle

100

This is the longest phase of the cell cycle, taking 23 hours of a 24-hour cell cycle for some. 

Interphase

200

Although a relatively short period of the cell cycle time-wise, this dynamic phase results in the division of the original parent cell.

M Phase

300

These specific portion of the phase of cell division is where the cell fully divides, resulting in two (or four) newly-made cells.

Cytokinesis 

400

In S Phase, the genetic information in the nucleus is replicated. This is why this is a crucial step in a cell's life.

Each of the resulting daughter cells from cell division will require a copy of the DNA.

500

This is what happens in G₁ phase, and this is why it happens.

Initial Growth of Cell (proteins, enzymes, and organelle production)

"C" Terms

100

During the beginning of cell division, the genetic material in the nucleus begins to condense into these.

Chromosomes

200

Chromosomal threads (or "arms" or "legs") of genetic material.

Chromatids

300

This is the relaxed form of the genetic information.

Chromatin

400

A distinct, constricted point of the condensed genetic material where spindle fibers attach themselves during cell division.

Centromere

500

This organelle is non-membrane bound and is responsible for organizing the microtubules of the cell's cytoskeleton to form the spindle fibers for cell division.

Centrosome

Diploid / Haploid

100

Humans have a haploid number of 23. What is our diploid number. [Give full mathematical equation (e.g. n = 3)]

2n = 46

200

Dogs have a diploid number of 78. This is their haploid number.

n = 39

300

Chimpanzees have a diploid number of 48. That means their skin cells have this many chromosomes. [Number Only]

48

400

Body cells (somatic cells) and this kind of cell are both diploid.

Zygotes (fertilized egg/ovum)

500

Horses have a diploid number of 64. How many chromosomes would be found in the egg cell of a (mare) female horse. [Number Only]

32

Phases

100

(MITOSIS) This is when the chromosomes align themselves down the middle of the cell. 

Metaphase

200

(MITOSIS) The cell begins to fully divide here.

Telophase

300

(MITOSIS) This is when the chromosomes are pulled apart, and are brought to opposite sides of the cell.

Anaphase

400

(??) This is when the homologous chromosomes "cross over" one another.

Prophase I

500

(MEIOSIS) This is when independent assortment takes place.

Metaphase I

(Other)

100

This enzyme is can sometimes be nicknamed "The Zipper" for its job during DNA replication.

Helicase

200

The DNA, found in the nucleus, is protected by being wrapped around proteins called these.

Histones

300

We count chromosomes by number of these present.

Centromeres

400

These images serve as a visual map of an individual's chromosomes.

Karyotype

500

A region of genetic information that codes for a specific trait or protein is called this.

Gene