Molecular Geometry
What theory explains the shapes of molecules based on electron repulsion?
VSEPR theory
What type of intermolecular force exists in all molecules?
London dispersion forces
What is the term for a substance that is dissolved in water in a reaction?
Aqueous (aq)
What type of reaction occurs when two reactants form one product?
Synthesis
What is chemical equilibrium?
A state where the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.
What molecular shape does a molecule with three electron domains and no lone pairs have?
Trigonal planar
What type of intermolecular force occurs between polar molecules?
Dipole-dipole interactions
Identify the reactants in this equation: 4Al + 3O2 → 2Al2O3
Aluminum (Al) and Oxygen (O2)
What type of reaction occurs when one compound breaks into two or more substances?
Decomposition
How can you tell if a reaction is reversible?
It has a double arrow (⇌) indicating dynamic equilibrium.
A molecule with four electron domains and two lone pairs has what shape?
Bent
Rank the three main intermolecular forces from weakest to strongest.
London dispersion < Dipole-dipole < Hydrogen bonding
According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, what must be true of any balanced equation?
The total mass of reactants must equal the total mass of products.
Identify the reaction type: Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu.
Single replacement
According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, what happens if more reactant is added to a system at equilibrium?
Forward Reaction - The equilibrium shifts toward the products.
Draw the Lewis structure for PH3. What is its molecular shape?
Trigonal pyramidal
Why is hydrogen bonding stronger than dipole-dipole forces?
It involves highly electronegative atoms (N, O, F) with hydrogen, creating a strong attraction.
Identify the coefficients and subscripts in 2Pb(SO4)2.
Coefficient = 2, Subscripts: 4 & 2
Total number of atoms of each Pb - 2 S - 4 O - 16
Identify the reaction type: Na2S + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2S
Double replacement
What happens to an exothermic reaction at equilibrium if heat is added?
Reverse Reaction - The reaction shifts toward the reactants.
How do lone pairs affect bond angles in molecular geometry?
They repel more strongly than bonding pairs, reducing bond angles.
How do intermolecular forces affect boiling points?
Stronger intermolecular forces lead to higher boiling points.
Balance the equation: ___ C4H10 + ___ O2 → ___ CO2 + ___ H2O.
2 C4H10 + 13 O2 → 8 CO2 + 10 H2O
What type of reaction always produces CO2 and H2O?
Combustion
How does decreasing pressure affect this reaction: N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)?
Reverse Reaction - The reaction shifts toward the reactants, favoring the side with more gas molecules.