States of Consciousness
Define Consciousness
Our awareness of internal and external stimuli
Circadian Rhythms can best be describe as biological rhythms that take how long?
Roughly 24 hours to complete a full cycle
Identify 3 theories about the functions of sleep
Evolutionary Theory, Growth Theory, Fueling Creativity, The Emotional Regulation Theory, Repair and Restore Theory, The Information Consolidation Theory
Depressants - alcohol
Stimulants - cocaine
Hallucinogens - LSD
Opioids - hydrocodone
How long is the average sleep cycle?
90-110 minutes
Identify 2 states or altered states of consciousness
Any 2: awake, drowsy, daydreaming, asleep, dreaming, under the influence of psychoactive drugs, meditating, relaxing
How many sleep cycles does the average person go through in a night?
4-6 sleep cycles
Identify 3 theories that may explain why we dream
Freud - Wish-Fulfillment Theory, Jung - Collective Unconscious + Symbols, Cartwright - Reflects the dreamer’s life, Hobson - Activation-Synthesis Theory, Threat-Simulation Theory, Expectation-Fulfillment Theory, Continual-Activation Theory
Identify the 3 ways psychoactive drugs interact with neurotransmitters and synapses
Agonists, Antagonists, and Reuptake Inhibitors
How many hours of sleep should your age group (teens) get in a night?
8-10 hours of sleep
Identify 2 physical and 2 psychological effects of relaxation
Physical: slower heart rate, lower blood pressure, improving digestion, slowing breathing, reducing activity of stress hormones, reducing muscle tension and chronic pain
Psychological: improving concentration, mood, and sleep quality, lowering fatigue, reducing anger and frustration
Describe 1 sleep disorder and its appropriate treatment option
Varies
Describe 2 theories about the function of sleep
AND
Describe 2 theories about why we may dream
Sleep Theories: The Evolutionary Theory, The Repair and Restore Theory, The Information Consolidation Theory, Creative Thinking, Growth
Dream Theories: Theories: Freud - Wish-Fulfillment Theory, Jung - Collective Unconscious + Symbols, Cartwright - Reflects the dreamer’s life, Hobson - Activation-Synthesis Theory, Threat-Simulation Theory, Expectation-Fulfillment Theory, Continual-Activation Theory
Choose 2 categories of psychoactive drugs. Describe their psychological and physiological effects on the body
Depressants - Physical: nausea, vomiting, unconsciousness, slow reaction time, slowed breathing, increased risk of injury/accident, blackouts and memory loss, impaired coordination Psychological: reduced inhibitions, reduced anxiety and stress, impaired judgement, enhanced mood
Stimulants - Physical: increased heart rate, reduced appetite, high energy, dehydration, increased body temperature, seizures Psychological: euphoria, increased confidence, mood swings, anxiety, paranoia, heightened feelings of wellbeing, increased alertness, talkativeness
Hallucinogens aka Psychedelics - Physical: dizziness, blurred vision, clumsiness, fast or irregular heart beat, breathing quickly, vomiting, sweats and chills, numbness Psychological: euphoria, sense of relaxation and wellbeing, seeing and hearing things that are not there, confusion and trouble concentrating, trouble interpreting sensory information, distorted sense of reality and consciousness, bad trips - impending doom or danger, paranoia, extreme emotions, anxiety, depression, feelings of losing your mind long term - flashbacks reexperiences of the drug
Opioids - Physical: clumsiness, slurred speech, slow breathing and heart rate, cold clammy skin Psychological: extreme relaxation, drowsiness, confusion, unconsciousness
What hormone is most associated with the sleep-wake cycle?
Melatonin
Explain the difference between conscious processing, unconscious processing, and dual processing
Conscious Processing - Mental activities of which we are aware - processing information, sensory information, thoughts, perceptions, think
Unconscious Processing - Mental activities of which we are NOT aware - influences our thoughts, behaviors, and perceptions without our knowledge
Dual Processing - The ability to consciously and unconsciously process at the same time
What structure, known as our "master biological clock," controls our biological rhythms using clues from our external environment such as levels of light?
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Scenario: Jessie is not allowed to date, but he is. He is anxious about his mom finding out about his new girlfriend. In his recent dreams, he has been dreaming about someone scary chasing him
According to Freud, what is the Manifest Content and the Latent Content of this dream?
Manifest Content: someone chasing him
Latent Content: Jesse is worried is mom is going to find out his secret and his lies will catch up with him
Describe how 2 of the following ways psychoactive drugs interact with the CNS
Choices: Agonist, Antagonist, and Reuptake Inhibitors
Agonist - mimics or increases neurotranmitters in the synapse, increasing the effects of the neurotranmitter
Antagonist - decreases the amount of neurotranmitters released into the synapse, decreasing the effects of the neurotransmitter, slowing down signal transmission
Reuptake Inhibitors - substance blocks the reuptake transporter leaving the neurotransmitters in the synapse for a longer time, increasing the effects of the neurotransmitter
Describe the difference between withdrawal, tolerance, and addiction
Addiction - develops from chronic usage, feelings of physical and psychological dependence, cravings, impacts life no matter the cost (social, familial, financial, legal, etc.)
Scenario: Alex is walking home with a friend. While he talks with his bestie, they walk the path Alex takes everyday which he knows is the fastest and safest. Along the way they dodge people coming their direction and large cracks without thought.
Question: Describe how Lizveth's conscious and unconscious processing are working in this scenario
Must Include: conscious processing, unconscious processing, and dual processing
In this scenario, Alex's conscious processing occurs when he is talking with his friend as it is what is mind is focused on. His unconscious processing happens as he walks home the best way without thought. This is dual processing because both tracks of consciousness can occur at the same time.
Describe the typical progression of sleep stages and at least 2 of their associated brain waves throughout a complete sleep cycle.
Must Include (all): Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage REM, awake
Must Include at least 2: beta waves, alpha waves, theta waves, delta waves
When people are awake they have beta waves. Then, as people are falling asleep they fall into Stage 1 of the sleep cycle which is associated with alpha waves. Then the sleep cycle progresses into Stage 2 (theta waves) then Stage 3 (delta waves). Then the sleep cycle goes back up to Stage 2, then REM which has brain waves that look like the sleeper is awake
Why is Sleep So Important for Learning
Many options
Scenario: Pierre took a drug from a friend at a rave, after a period of time he starts feeling its effects. The effects included feeling extremely energetic, jumpy, speaking loudly and quickly, anxiety, and paranoia
Question: What category of psychoactive drugs may the drug Pierre have taken? How do you know?
Stimulants - These are some of the physical and psychological effects of stimulants which differ from depressants, hallucinogens, and opioids such as the high energy, loud and fast language, anxiety, and paranoia
Is Sleep Important for Learning?
Claim: Sleep is important for learning (1 complete sentence)
Evidence: 1 Physical Effect and 1 Psychological Effect of Sleep Deprivation that would impact learning (2 complete sentences)
Reasoning: How the negative consequences of sleep deprivation impact the sufferer and their learning (2 complete sentences)
Claim: Sleep is important for learning
Evidence: Any physical and psychological effects of sleep deficiency that would impact learning in a negative way
Reasoning: Describe how having these effects of sleep deficiency would impact learning in a negative way