Food Chains
What is the first (lowest) Trophic Level within a Food Chain?
Primary Producer
Dog and Horse breeding are all examples of what line of evidence?
Artificial Selection: Humans are selecting for the desired traits.
In your own words explain the term 'Evolution'.
Evolution: Descent with modification. Through new generations, more variation is more common due to mutations, natural selection, genetic drift and migration.
Which of the following is random and which is NOT random (label them):
Natural Selection and Mutations
Natural Selection = NOT random
Mutations = random (occurs in DNA sequence)
You lose 200 points!
-200 points
Explain the difference between a Food Chain vs. a Food Web.
Food Chain: Linear and only follows a single path
Food Web: Contains various food chains and is far more complex with many routes/paths.
Why is the fossil record considered to be "incomplete"?
It is biased towards organisms that cannot be fossilized. There is a gap since organisms that have soft structures/shells or no bones do not fossilize well.
ex: jellyfish
What is the first requirement that leads to evolution?
Variation or Genetic Variation
Define the term 'Fitness' and provide an example.
Fitness: How good a particular genotype is at leaving offspring in the next generation. Not necessarily the strongest, fastest, or biggest. Ability to survive and reproduce is more important.
You lose 100 points!
-100 points
How much energy is passed on as we go up in a Food Chain?
10% (90% of the energy is lost due to heat)
Which line of evidence best supports the statement: "Genetic code is similar among organisms due to having a common ancestor"?
DNA Evidence: shows that all species are closely related and thus we all share a common ancestor.
Why is the statement "humans evolved from monkeys" incorrect? Explain to the best of your ability.
Monkeys, chimpanzees are closely related to humans as we share 96-99% of DNA. Chimps are more like our distant cousins and we all share a common ancestor that is now extinct.
Define the term 'Speciation' and provide an example.
An event that produces two or more separate species.
ex: a river prevents a species of squirrels to reproduce and thus after many years they become two different species
You win 300 points!
+300 points
Come up with your own example for a food chain using animals and label it accordingly.
Ex:
4. Tertiary Consumer (
Name all seven lines of evidence.
What are the two requirements to be considered a NEW 'species'?
1. Capable of interbreeding
2. Must have fertile offspring
Explain the term: 'Geographic Isolation' and provide an example.
Geographic Isolation: a river
No points!
Name all of the Trophic Levels within a Food Chain (does NOT have to be in order)
4. Tertiary or Apex Consumer
3. Secondary Consumer
2. Primary Consumer
1. Primary Producer
Explain the following line of evidence: Biogeography
Some animals are only found in a specific continent, however, there are some organisms similar (distantly related) but evolved to adapt on the island.
Island species are related/descended to mainland species.
Pangea, specifically Gondwana and Laurasia help us understand this.
The intermediate/transitional fossil 'Tiktaalik' was discovered in the year 2004. Explain why the discovery of this fossil is important for the support of evolution.
ex: Provides evidence of aquatic to land life. Showcases characteristics of both fish and amphibians
Explain how Natural Selection works: Summarize ALL four steps!
Step 1: There is variation in traits within a population.
Step 2: Some variations are selected for (can survive and reproduce) in a particular environment.
Step 3: The survivors reproduce and pass on their traits.
Step 4: The population changes over time (evolution).
You win 100 points!
+100 points