Darwin and Natural Selection
This scientist developed the theory of evolution while studying finches and other organisms.
Charles Darwin
Binomial Nomenclature is a naming system for species with how many names?
2
Genes for traits that help an organism be more successful reproductively can be expected to be _____________ common
more
Speciation due to a geographic divide is called
allopatric speciation
Evolution that results in speciation is called
macroevolution
Which characteristic did Darwin observe about the finches on the Galapagos Islands?
Beaks
Organisms are grouped into a five-kingdom classification system based on their structure and their
Evolutionary Relationships
Which of the following does NOT increase genetic variation?
a. mutations
b. mitosis
c. gene flow
d. crossing over
speciation due to behavioral differences is called
sympatric speciation
Evolution that results in small changes in the population but the population does not change into a different species is called
microevolution
An adaptation is
a trait that helps an organism survive in its environment.
According to binomial nomenclature, species are given two names based on their:
genus and species
Genetic diversity is ultimately/mainly the result of
mutations
Gene Flow changes allele frequencies because it occurs when
members move in or out of a population
Ostrich wings, human tailbone and appendix, and whale legs are all examples of
vestigial structures
A population of giraffes lives in a forest with trees of varying heights. Following a flood in the area, all shorter plants were destroyed and only tall trees remain. After many generations, it is noted that giraffes living in this forest have longer necks, on average, than giraffes living in the same forest prior to the flood.
What type of natural selection has occurred?
Directional
Which one of these is most closely related to the organism Harmonia Axyridis and why?
a. Apis mellifera
b. Harmonia yelloritus
c. Scarabaeus sacer
d. Maratus volans
b. Harmonia yelloritus ; They are in the same family, Harmonia
Allele Frequencies in a population can be predicted with a formula called
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
Bottleneck Effect and Founder Effect
The bone structure of a human hand compared to the bone structure of a bat's wing is an example of
Homologous Structures
Which of the following is most affected by natural selection and why?
Angora Rabbits
Cuties (Tangerines)
Influenza
Poodles
Influenza --
The repeated or cyclical nature of flu outbreaks is caused by the natural selection of the virus for traits that allow it to evade the immune system and replicate, a process that actually results in new distinct strains of influenza virus.
In contrast, the other answers are all examples of artificial selection by which the specific variety or breed has been purposely selected for specific traits.
What is the correct hierarchy of classification, going from broadest to most specific?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals is 0.16 What is the percentage of the population heterozygous for this allele?
0.48 or 48%
When a population is no longer in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, ____________ frequencies change, which can lead to _____________
allele; evolution
A bird's wing compared to a bat's wing is an example of
analogous structures