Interest Groups
A Civil Rights Social Movements Interest Group
NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) & ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union)
Federal Elections that take place halfway through a President’s term (every House member, 1/3 of the Senate)
MID-TERM ELECTIONS
Political Action Committees that raise money in support of a candidate.
PAC
Newspapers; the Associated Press is one of the oldest & most credible. AP established News Bureaus- offices outside of their headquarters.
Traditional Press
members get travel discounts and “swag”.
Material
An Environment Social Movement Interest Group
Sierra Club; Wilderness Society; Audubon Society
Gerrymandered districts have created one-party dominance
DISTRICTS & PRIMARIES
Organized by a current or former elected official. Collects money from the public; CANNOT fund their own campaign.
Leadership PAC's
“Born on the Web” news sites like Politico and Huffington Post. Traditional & National newspapers have also gone digital.
Internet
member gets philosophical satisfaction.
purposive
A Professional Association Institutional Group Interest Group
American Medical Association, American Bar Association
Voter Turn-out is much lower than in presidential election years
MID-TERM ELECTIONS
Not associated with an organization; collects donations from the public (often for a single-issue)
Nonconnected PACs
Provides “easy-to-get” news. Can connect readers with journalists through direct conversations. Allows outreach to organize political events (Women’s March 2017).
Social Media
Raising large sums of $$ from multiple donors for a candidate
Bundling
A Consumer Social Movement Interest Groups
Consumers Union; Consumer Federation of America
Most are not very competitive
DISTRICTS & PRIMARIES
Money collected separately through member donations (unions, corporations, trade organizations)
Connected PACs
Began during the Progressive Era with Muckrakers; expose corruption, abuse of power, and social ills.
Investigative Reporting
money goes toward member gatherings.
Solitary
A Institutional Group Intergovernmental lobby Interest Group
National Governor’s Association, National League of Cities, US Conference of Mayors
Money comes from PAC’s and support from Party Leaders & Congressional Campaign Committees.
INCUMBENCY ADVANTAGE
Independent; can raise unlimited $$ BUT cannot contribute directly to a candidate/party. (resulted from Citizens United case).
Super PACs
Newspapers like the Washington post, Wall Street Journal, and New York Times. Radio broadcasts, and TV. ABC, NBC, and CBS were the original “Big Three”. 24-hour news networks: CNN and Fox News.
National Political News
Legislators who leave office to become lobbyists; a current loophole to HLOGA efforts.
Revolving Door