Definitions
Punnett Squares
Parenting/Courtship Behaviors
Dominant vs. Recessive Traits
Random
100
Define: gene
A segment of DNA that makes up a chromosome
100
What is a punnett square?
A tool for understanding basic patterns of heredity
or
A model used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring in a given cross
100
Define parenting behaviors
Attempts by animals to ensure their offspring's survival
100
Define dominant traits
a characteristic that appears in an offspring
100
What is a genetic factor that can affect plant growth?
Genetic mutations
200
Define: allele
Different gene forms (or variations)
200
What plant did Mendel study to understand the passing of traits?
pea plants
200
Define courtship behaviors
Attempts by animals to attract mates
200
Define recessive traits
A characteristic that seems to recede, or fade away, and is not dominant
200
How do seedless plants reproduce?
How do seed plants reproduce?
Seedless plants reproduce by:
- plant grows from spores
- sperm from one plant must swim through water to fertilize the eggs of another plant
Seed plants reproduce by:
- pollen = sperm
- eggs develop in an ovule
- pollen reaches and fertilizes an egg (pollination)
- seeds can be carried away by wind, water, or animals
300
Define: chromosome
The structures that DNA is organized
- individuals have paired sets of chromosomes
- half from mom and half from dad
300
Fill out the punnett square:
Top left: TT
Top right: Tt
Bottom left: Tt
Bottom right: tt
300
Courtship behaviors are similar to what human behavior?
dating
300
True or false: Dominant traits are better than recessive traits
False
300
How does sexual reproduction increase genetic variation?
Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation because offspring only receive half of each parent's DNA. Therefore, offspring are not genetically identical to their parents, which creates more variation in species.
400
Define: genotype AND provide an example
The combination of alleles that an organism receives from its parents or set of genes that are carried
sample example: FF Ff ff
400
In rabbits, black fur is dominant (BB or Bb) over white fur (bb). Parent A has a genotype of Bb and Parent B has a genotype of bb.
1. Create a punnett square to show the possible genotypes of offspring
2. What percent of offspring will have black fur?
3. What percent of offspring will have white fur?
50% black fur and 50% white fur
400
What are 4 parenting behaviors?
- building nests for eggs/young
- female mammals nurse their young with milk from their bodies
- teach gathering/hunting skills
- reptiles abandon eggs before they hatch while other species stay with their young
400
Curly hair is dominant to straight hair.
Parent A has a genotype of CC and Parent B has a genotype of cc.
What percent of offspring will have curly hair? What percent of offspring will have straight hair?
100% of offspring will have curly hair.
0% will have straight hair.
400
What is the difference between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction - one parent and offspring are genetically identical to the parent
Sexual reproduction - two parents and each parent contributes half of their genetic information to offspring. offspring are genetically different from both parents
500
Define: phenotype AND provide an example
The observable traits of an organism
sample example: purple flower or white flower
500
Make a punnett square to show why people say there is a 50% chance to have a boy and 50% chance to have a girl?
500
What are 5 courtship behaviors?
- vocalizing
- dancing
- display brightly colored feathers
- display strength
- give presents/make structures
500
True or false: Brown eyes are dominant to color eyes
True
500
How come individual plants of the same species have genetic differences?
These differences exist because there are different forms of the same gene.