What was the definition again??
What are direct effects of clearcutting?
What are the negative consequences of the green revolution?
soil erosion, biodiversity loss, ground & surface water contamination
+ Increased use of tractors for plowing and tilling fields, and combines for harvesting = increased yield + profits
- Heavy machinery also compacts soil, decreasing H2O holding capacity, Makes topsoil more prone to erosion
What are HYV crops?
High-Yield variety
Hybrid, or genetically modified crops that produce a higher yield (amount of crop produced per unit of area)
Hybrid = cross-pollinating different species, or parent plants with ideal traits
What is leaching?
water carries excess nutrients (nitrates & phosphates) into groundwater or into surface waters (as runoff)
What are the three benifits of a forest?
filtering of air polutants, removal and storage of co2 from atm, habitat for organisms
Pop. may never recover from ______ due to: decreased biodiversity, inability to find mates, inbreeding depression. This is when 90% of the population declines.
fishery collapse
This allows for nutrients in dead biomass to be recycled → new growth.
Prescribed Burns
_____method of clearing land for agriculture by cutting trees & burning them releases CO2, N2O and water vapor into the atmosphere
slash & burn
What are the four types of irrigation?
Furrow, Drip, Flood, Spray
What is tree plantations and what is a possible consequence?
Areas where the same tree species are repeatedly planted, grown, and harvested
lowers biodiversity, all the same age
Explain one disadvantage of using inorganic, commercial fertilizers
Commercial inorganic fertilizers can leach into groundwater and waterways, causing nutrient pollution that leads to algal blooms and disrupts aquatic ecosystems.
What type of cutting does not preserve biodiversity?
clear cutting
_____ is Pop. movement out of dense, urban centers to less dense suburban areas surrounding the city (GR → Kentwood, Wyoming, F. Hills, ect.)
Urban Sprawl
What are the IPM's basics to minimize enviormental disruption?
biocontrol, crop rotation, intercropping, researching specific pest life cycles
What is biocontrol?
Introducing a natural predator, parasite, or competitor to control the pest population
What has contributed to the depleation is aquafers?
saltwater intrusion and cone of depression
What is a consequence of overgrazing?
Too many animals grazing an area of land can remove all the vegetation (grass) which leads to topsoil erosion
Animals also compact soil, decreasing H2O holding capacity → more erosion
Desertification can occur if plants are killed by overgrazing & soil is compacted so much that it can’t hold enough water anymore
Name the environmental impacts of mining.
Methane Release, PM release, acid mine drainage, Rainwater carrier sulfuric acid into nearby streams, or infiltrates ground water, Lowers pH of water, making toxic metals like mercury & aluminum more soluble in water sources (killing aquatic org.)
After harvesting trees from a forest, which practice would best support forest regeneration and sustainability?
Leaving some mature trees and dead wood as habitat
lower biodiversity =
lower resiliance
What are TWO soil conservation strategies that could be used to prevent soil erosion in agricultural fields established in this landscape?
contour plowing, terracing, perenial crops, windbreaks, no till, strip cropping, crop rotation, green manure, limestone, rotational grazing
Describe one environmental advantage and one environmental disadvantage of using GMO crops.
Advantage: GMO crops can be engineered to require fewer pesticides, reducing chemical runoff into ecosystems and protecting beneficial insects.
Disadvantage: GMO crops could potentially transfer modified genes to wild relatives through cross-pollination, which might disrupt natural ecosystems and reduce biodiversity.
Growing one single species (corn, wheat, soy) of crop
-Highly efficient for harvest
-decreased biodiversity, increases soil erosion
Monocropping
List the two environmental consequences of Urban Runoff
Decreased infiltration (groundwater recharge)
Rain washes pollutants into storm drains & into local surface waters.
**know the effects of each pollutant**