DNA vs. RNA
What are the monomers of DNA and RNA?
What are nucleotides?
Where does transcription happen in a eukaryotic cell?
What is the nucleus?
Which cell structure is the site of translation?
What is the ribosome?
What bonds are proteins made of?
What are peptide bonds?
Name three differences between DNA and RNA.
What are...
DNA contains thymine, RNA contains uracil
DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded
DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose
What is the section of DNA required to make a protein that is read in transcription?
What is a gene?
What is the ribosome, mRNA, and tRNA?
ribosome - reads mRNA, matches tRNA, formes peptide bonds, releases polypeptide
mRNA - provides instructions for how to make proteins divided into codons
tRNA - contains anticodons that match onto complementary mRNA codons, carries amino acid to the ribosome
Name the three types of RNA and their functions.
What are mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA?
mRNA - carries message of how to make a protein to the ribosome
tRNA - carries amino acid to the ribosome; matches with mRNA
rRNA - part of ribosome, helps with protein synthesis
What would be the complementary mRNA sequence for this DNA strand: ACG?
What is UGC?
How are mRNA and tRNA matched in the ribosome? Why is this important for protein synthesis?
What determines the function of proteins?
What is shape of proteins?
A scientist analyzes a nucleic acid sample and finds it contains uracil and ribose. The amount of adenine does not equal the amount of uracil. Which is the sample most likely to be?
What is RNA?
The template strand of a gene reads TAC GGA CTT ATT. Which mRNA sequence is produced?
What is AUG CCU GAA UAA?
Which amino acid matches this mRNA codon: UAC?
What is tyrosine?
Why are protein functions diverse?
What are unique three-dimensional structures of proteins?
A sample of double-stranded DNA is 18% guanine. What percentage of the sample is thymine?
What is 32%?
Why does transcription need to happen? (Think: Why can't DNA be translated directly into protein?)
What is DNA cannot leave the nucleus?
Alternate answers: Ribosome only reads mRNA, tRNA only matches with mRNA,
Which DNA sequence would code for this polypeptide: histidine-glycine-leucine?
*BONUS: Each additional correct answer = +100 points*
What is...
speeding up reactions (enzymes)
expressing traits***
controlling cell-cell communication (hormones/signaling)
muscle contraction and movement
immune defense (creating antibodies)
structural support (collagen, keratin)
transport and storage
growth and tissue repair