Heat & Energy
What happens to particle speed when thermal energy is added?
They move faster
What phase is ice?
Solid
During what stage do clouds form?
Condensation
What determines the direction of ocean currents?
Wind + position of continents
What does IV stand for?
Independent Variable
What happens to thermal energy when water goes from liquid → gas?
Energy is added
What phase change turns liquid → gas?
Evaporation
What is runoff?
Water flowing over land into bodies of water
Warm currents come from where?
Equator
What does DV stand for?
Dependent Variable
Do solids heat up faster or slower than liquids? Why?
Faster, because particles are closer together
What phase change turns solid → liquid?
Melting
What happens when water hits the ground?
What happens when water hits the ground?
Cold currents come from where?
Poles/Arctic
What is a control variable?
Something kept the same
How does heat transfer between objects?
From hotter → colder (atom by atom)
Is changing states of matter physical or chemical?
Physical change
What causes acid rain?
Pollutants mixing with water in atmosphere
Why can two places at the same latitude have different temperatures?
Different ocean currents bring different energy
When do land breezes happen?
At night
Which has more energy: water from the equator or poles?
Equator (warm water carries more energy)
When particles slow down and come closer together, what is happening?
Energy is being removed
What pattern happens when water amount doubles in energy question?
Energy doubles
Which city would be warmer: one near a warm current or cold current? Why?
Warm current — it carries more energy
Why is identifying IV and DV important?
To understand cause and effect in experiments