Carbon/Functional Groups
How many bonds can carbon make
4
What is the basic building block of a Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide
What is the basic building block of a Carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
What is the basic building block of a lipid?
Fatty Acid
What is the basic building block of a protein?
Amino Acid
What makes a molecule organic?
It contains carbon
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
The phosphate group, deoxyribose, and the nitrogen base (cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine).
What's the difference between mono and poly. (ex: monomer vs polymer, monosaccharide vs polysaccharide)
Mono - 1
Poly - Many
What fat is a liquid at room temp?
unsaturated
How many kinds of amino acids does the human body need?
20
What functional group makes a molecule polar?
Hydroxide OH-
DNA is composed of what?
Nucleic Acids
What's the difference between added sugar and complex carbohydrates?
Mono & Poly
What's the difference between saturated, unsaturated, and trans fats
Saturated = Full of Hydrogens
Unsaturated = has a double bond and curved
Trans = Has a double bond and straight
How many amino acids are essential, and what does essential mean in this context?
9, something that the human body can't create
How does a hydrolysis rxn work?
Water is absorbed into a polymer and breaks it into monomers.
What are genes?
Strips of DNA that determine your genetics.
When you think of something as unhealthy you usually think that because it has a ton of this?
added sugar, Mono/di-saccharides
What are the two kinds of important lipids we talked about together? (Hint: One protects your cells the other won Lance Armstrong tons of medal)
Phospholipids and Steroids
What are the three kinds of important proteins in our body and what do they do?
Enzymes - Quicken rxns & lower activation energy
Endorphins - Send signals to your brain to trigger emotions
Antibodies - Detect foreign viruses and bacteria and destroy them
How does a dehydration rxn work?
Water is released and the left over monomers combine into a polymer
write out the full gene sequence from these nitrogenous bases (A-T-T-C-G-C-A-T)
(T-A-A-G-C-G-T-A)
What's the structure of a monosaccharide? (HINT: you built it!)
A ring
What does a fatty acid look like?
Long hydrocarbon chain ending in a carboxyl group.
Draw an amino acid to the best of your ability.
Has a carboxyl group, an ammonia group, and a carbon connection.