DOG
what is a Colles fracture & how does it usually occur?
fracture of the distal radius from falling on outstretched arm and hand
what is fat embolism syndrome
fat globules entering the circulatory system from fractures
what is osteomyelitis
severe infection of the bone, bone marrow, and surrounding soft tissue
name 5 risk factors for osteoporosis
older than 65, Asian or White ethnicity, low Vit D diet/levels, Estrogen deficiency in women, excessive alcohol use, family history, female gender, low body weight, low testosterones in men, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, some medications (corticosteroids, thyroid replacement, heparin , long acting sedatives, antiseizure drugs)
what is the most common cause of osteomyelitis
what are long-term potential complications of osteomyelitis
septicemia, septic arthritis, pathologic features, amyloidosis
describe nursing management of osteoporosis
what is the positive drop arm test
indicates a likely rotator cuff tear, specifically a full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon, when a patient is unable to slowly and controllably lower their arm from a 90-degree abducted position, causing the arm to suddenly drop down due to weakness or pain;
optimal nutrition for bone healing
• ↑ protein (1 g/kg)
• ↑ vitamins (B, C, D)
• ↑ calcium, phosphorus , and
magnesium
• ↑ fluid (2000-3000 mL/day)
• ↑ fiber
what is muscular dystrophy
Genetic diseases characterized by symmetric wasting of skeletal muscles without neurologic involvement
when should bone density testing for women begin
Initial bone density test in women
over age 65/Repeat in 15 years if normal/Earlier and more frequent if high risk/ Currently no evidence of benefit for screening in men
in osteomyelitis, are bone cultures or biopsy done before or after antibiotic therapy is started - and why
A bone culture or biopsy is performed before starting antibiotics to accurately identify the specific bacteria causing a bone infection
what is Buck's traction
used to immobilize a lower limb by maintaining a straight pull on the limb with use of weights
risk factors for back pain
Lack of muscle tone/Excess body weight/Pregnancy/Stress/Poor posture/Cigarette smoking/Prior compression fracture/Family history/Jobs that require heavy lifting, moving,
bending, or twisting (e.g., nurses) or
prolonged sitting
why is sudden bowel or bladder incontinence in post-op spinal surgery patients relevant
may be Cauda equina syndrome - a rare but serious medical condition that occurs when the bundle of nerves at the end of the spinal cord (known as the cauda equina) is compressed or damaged
goals for the amputation patient
pain management, max rehabilitation potential, cope with physical changes, lifestyle adjustments
what is phantom limb sensation and how should a patient manage it
feeling that the amputated limb is still there. if painful the patient can try mirror therapy, virtual reality treatments, no one specific therapy available
describe a positive Tinel sign
tap over the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. positive sign is a sensation of tingling in the distribution of the median nerve over the hand
what does the nurse need to teach a patient who is taking Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis
take with a full glass of water, take 30 min before food or other drugs, stay upright for at least 30 min after taking.
why is proper bandaging of the residual limb after amputation important?
ensure the limb is shaped and molded for prosthesis fitting, support soft tissues, reduce edema, hasten healing, and minimize pain
vital signs, respiratory function, pain, s/s bleeding at the dressing site, neuro assessment
signs of infection for someone with a cast
increased temperature, hot spots on the cast, foul odor, changes in pain
symptoms of fat emboli in the lungs
hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonitis with s/s of ARDS (chest pain, tachypnea, cyanosis, dyspnea, apprehensions, tachycardia, hypoxemia)
describe neurovascular assessment for post hip fx patient
assess extremity for color, temp, cap refill, distal pulses, edema, sensation, motor function, pain
ARDS, change in mental status, petechiae on neck, anterior chest wall, axilla, head