Cell Cycle
If you were looking at a graph of DNA content over time, the amount of DNA doubles during this interval.
S phase
You are viewing a slide under a microscope. You identify a cell where the sister chromatids are being pulled to opposite sides of the cell. What phase is this cell in?
Anaphase
If you analyze the backbone of DNA, you would find covalent bonds. If you analyze the rungs, you would find these weaker bonds.
Hydrogen bonds
What vocab term describes... Each new helix has one new strand and one old strand at the end of replication.
Semi-conservative replication
If the cell bypasses a checkpoint despite having damaged DNA this could lead to uncontrolled cell division, also known as...
Cancer
This term refers to programmed cell death which occurs if the cell fails a checkpoint in the cell cycle.
Apoptosis
In animal cells, cytokinesis involves a cleavage furrow. In plant cells, the rigid wall requires the formation of this structure to divide?
Cell plate
To interpret a DNA diagram, the left strand runs 5' to 3'. The right strand must run 3' to 5'. What is this structural arrangement known as?
Antiparallel
This enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases.
Helicase
Prokaryotes undergo the cell cycle for this crucial reproductive process.
Binary fission
What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
Interphase
A drug that dissolves spindle fibers is applied to cells. Mitosis would stop at this stage because chromosomes cannot align.
Metaphase
The 5' end of a DNA strand is distinct from the 3' end because the 5' end has this group.
Phosphate group
What enzyme adds new nitrogen bases and proofreads while synthesizing DNA strands?
DNA Polymerase
You are counting chromosomes in a human cell. If you count 92 sister chromatids, the cell is in one of these three phases of the cell cycle. Name two of the three phases.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase
Why does DNA have to condense from chromatin into chromosomes?
So DNA can stay organized and properly divide.
A cell is treated with a drug that inhibits the enzyme responsible for breaking down the nuclear membrane. Predict which phase of mitosis would be most impacted.
Prophase
In a DNA sample these is 30% adenine. What percent of cytosine is present?
20%
Because DNA is antiparallel, one strand is built continuously while one is built discontinuously. Which one is built continuously?
Leading strand
Why are malignant tumors considered to be cancerous while benign tumors are not?
Malignant tumors can metastasize.
Why does DNA have to replicate during Interphase?
So each daughter cell has the correct amount of DNA.
Explain why the nuclear membrane must break down during prophase for mitosis to proceed successfully.
So spindle fibers can attach to the chromosomes.
Why are there hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases instead of covalent bonds?
Because they can easily be broken (by helicase during DNA replication).
What are the small fragments of DNA on the lagging strand that must be connected by ligase?
Okazaki fragments
Explain why the lagging strand must be synthesized in fragments while the leading strand can be synthesized continuously.
DNA Polymerase can only build in a 5' to 3' direction