The Green Revolution
While the Green Revolution significantly increased agricultural yields, it also required a significant increase in chemical __________ and __________, leading to health problems for farmers and environmental pollution.
pesticides and fertilizers
Women in agriculture face __________-specific obstacles that result in female-run farms being 20-30% less productive than male-run farms, also called the _______ ______.
gender, crop gap
While ranchers in the U.S. largely raise livestock to meet demand within the country, ranchers in South America are more likely to raise livestock for _______ to other countries.
export
True or false? Altering hillsides through terrace farming makes mountainous areas more productive and does not produce any environmental impacts.
FALSE. All human-altered land uses cause some kind of environmental impact. In this case, it alters the natural ecosystem of the hillside.
True or false? Demand for organic products in North America has increased so significantly that meat production has decreased.
FALSE. Fast food has contributed to an INCREASE in demand for meat in North America.
The Green Revolution developed these types of crops into an extremely successful, high-yield hybrid plant.
grains (wheat, rice)
Women are the primary agricultural producers in __________-based rural economies.
Subsistence
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: In what geographic regions are subsistence-based rural economies the most common?
During colder winter months, the U.S. imports produce from nearby countries in the ____________ Hemisphere.
Southern
Farmers have learned to increase their incomes through __________-________ goods, such as free-range chickens or jams and jellies.
value-added
This type of irrigation system, popular in MDCs, rotates around a pivot to provide specific amounts of water and fertilizers, but can lead to soil salinization and loss of fertility.
center-pivot irrigation
True or false? The Green Revolution's new technologies, such as hybrid seeds and chemical fertilizers, were too expensive for many poor, rural farmers to afford.
TRUE. Rural farmers did not see the same success as farmers in urban cores, resulting in uneven development and social inequality.
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: In what region did the Green Revolution have next to no impact?
True or false? Many women in less developed countries work in agriculture in paid positions.
FALSE. Many women in LDCs do work in agriculture, however most are not paid.
This technological innovation is what first allowed meats and other perishable items to be transported over long distances to global markets.
Refrigeration
The increased use of chemicals in modern agriculture has resulted in runoff that leads to this environmental impact.
Increased land and water pollution
One positive environmental consequence of urban farming and local-food movements is less ________ ______ being used to transport goods to market.
fossil fuel
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: What new type of urban farming allows farmers to grow crops inside of stackable trays using greenhouses and hydroponics?
Common in more developed countries, these technologies were brought to less developed countries as agricultural innovations that contributed to the Green Revolution.
Chemical pesticides and fertilizers.
small, family
True or false? The increase of luxury (cash) crop plantations in tropical countries have produced a high corporate profit margin, but have also resulted in environmental impacts such as deforestation and economic impacts such as increases in the price of locally grown food.
TRUE.
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: Name at least four luxury crops.
Due to increasing numbers of monoculture plantations, environmental movements such as "Save the Rainforest" aim to protect native ecosystems from the loss of ___________.
biodiversity.
True or false? Feedlots are increasingly used to raise livestock because they cut down on land use and increase profits for farmers.
TRUE. Remember, livestock ranching is EXTENSIVE (larger space, less profits/yields), but feedlots make it INTENSIVE (smaller space, higher profits/yields).
True or false? A neo-Malthusian would argue that the Green Revolution solves the entire problem of feeding the planet, and Malthusian ideas are no longer relevant.
FALSE. Neo-Malthusians believe population growth will lead to the depletion of nonrenewable resources, leading to social, political, economic, and environmental catastrophe.
True or false? Women in agriculture have traditionally been responsible for traveling long distances from their homes to seek crops that would allow for a varied diet for their families.
FALSE. Women in agriculture traditionally stay close to their home, collecting plant resources for farming.
Applying the Von Thunen model to the East Coast of the U.S., it is most likely that this type of farming occurs close to the urban centers.
commercial market gardening
Caused by the removal of forests or overgrazing livestock, _________ results in loss of topsoil and occurs in arid regions of the world.
desertification
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: What African region is desertification most closely associated with?
This type of biotechnology has contributed to the development of drought- and pest-resistant crops.
Genetically Modified Organisms