Campaigns
This is the definition of a linkage institution.
What is a channel that connects individuals with the government? (i.e. elections, political parties, interest groups, media)
This phrase is used to describe the state of our government since 1969, in which one party controls part or all of Congress and the opposite party controls the White House.
What is an era of divided government?
Explain the relationship between the concepts of social movements and civil disobedience, and Dr. King's Letter from a Birmingham Jail.
What is that in Letter from a Birmingham Jail, Dr. King calls on others to join the Civil Rights Movement (a social movement) and to engage in acts of civil disobedience to break unjust/immoral laws with love so they can be replaced by just laws?
This is the definition of agenda setting.
What is the media's ability to highlight certain issues and bring them to the attention of the public?
This is the majority's ruling in Citizens United v. FEC (2010).
What is that the BCRA's restrictions on outside groups' advertising within 30 or 60 of elections was unconstitutional, money is protected political speech, and that corporations have the same First Amendment right to free speech that people have?
The is the difference between retrospective voting and prospective voting.
What is that retrospective voting is a vote based on the incumbent's past performance, while prospective voting is based on candidates' future policy plans?
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Primary elections mirror the Electoral College in this way.
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What is during the primaries, voters choose delegates to their party's national convention who choose the nominee, much like voters in the general election voting for electors to the Electoral College who choose the president?
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These are the tactics social movements use to achieve their goals.
What are protests, civil disobedience, and social media outreach?
These are the four sources of information that comprise the mass media.
What are newspapers, radio, television, and internet outlets?
Explain the relationship between interest groups and Federalist No. 10.
What is Federalist No. 10 argues that factions are dangerous and inevitable, and the best way to limit their negative influence is to have a large republic with many factions so they can cancel each other out; interest groups are essentially factions, so having a large number of them limits their influence on public policy?
Describe the potential impact of institutional factors on voter turnout.
What is that states with stricter voter registration requirements and voter-ID laws could potentially have lower turnout, while states with looser requirements and fewer restrictions could potentially have higher turnout?
These are the three primary roles political parties play in our representative democracy.
What are:
1) Recruit, nominate, and support candidates
2) Provide labels for candidates which voters can identify
3) Enact policy positions of members when in power and criticize the majority when in minority
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These are three tactics used by interest groups to achieve their policy goals in Congress.
What are lobbying, conducting research and writing favorable reports, donating to PACs and super PACS, taking part in iron triangles, and grassroots lobbying?
As an organization, a wire service does this.
What is gather and report on news, then sell the stories to other news outlets?
This is the difference between political action committees (PACs) and super political action committees (super PACs).
What is a PAC is an outside political group which can raise money for candidates and donate limited amounts of money directly to campaigns, while super PACs are outside political groups which can spend an unlimited amount of money on ads for candidates as long as they don't coordinate?
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This is the difference between battleground states and swing states.
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What is a battleground state is where polling between the candidates is close, while a swing state is a state where levels of support between parties are similar and elections flip between them?
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These are the differences between open primaries, closed primaries, and caucuses.
What is an open primary is one in which all eligible voters can vote regardless of their party, a closed primary only allows registered party members to vote, and caucuses are where eligible voters meet to openly nominate delegates?
This is the difference between a public interest group and a government interest group.
What is a public interest group works towards to benefit the collective interests of a broad group, while a government interest group represents the needs of local, state, or foreign governments?
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Explain the relationship between new media and the digital divide.
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What is "new media" is the phrase used to describe digital platforms that transmit content, and the digital divide is the phrase used to describe those with access to the internet having access to more information than those who don't?
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Describe the impact of the Citizens United v. FEC (2010) ruling.
What is Citizens United fundamentally altered how campaigns are financed, allowing outside groups to collect and spend unlimited amounts of money in support of candidates, which exponentially increases the cost of elections and influence of corporations/interest groups?
Explain the relationship between demographic characteristics and voter turnout.
What is that members of different socio-economic, ethnic, racial, age, gender, and education groups vote at different rates and tend to vote for one party over the other; campaigns can use this information to increase turnout of groups favorable to them?
This is the name of an election system for choosing members of the legislature where the winner is the candidate who receives the most votes, even if the candidate does not receive a majority of the votes.
What is a single-member plurality system?
Explain the structure and function of an iron triangle.
What is when an interest group lobbies on behalf of the bureaucracy while the bureaucracy provides favorable oversight, the bureaucracy implements policy in a way that is favorable to Congress while Congress provides the bureaucracy funding, and Congress passes desired legislation while interest groups support congressional campaigns?
Partisan bias exists in all media, and it slants how things are covered by a news outlet. This media format has a predominantly conservative bias.
What is talk radio?
Explain the relationship between government interest groups and Brutus 1.
What is that Brutus 1 argues that the Necessary and Proper clause makes the federal government too powerful, and they'll use their power to destroy the states; government interest groups that represent local and state governments can influence Congress to avoid being weakened?