Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine empire was on this side of Rome.
What is the Eastern?
This system was based on an exchange of land for loyalty and military service.
What is feudalism?
The Crusades were attempts by Christians to recapture this holy city.
What is Jerusalem?
The number of years the Hundred Years' War lasted.
What is 116?
The Emperor of the Byzantine Empire who created a unified legal code to preserve Roman law.
Who is Justinian I?
The city served as the capital of the Byzantine Empire?
What is Constantinople?
The economic system of the Middle Ages where peasants worked the lord's land in exchange for protection and housing.
What is manorialism?
In 637, this religious group's army peacefully captured Jerusalem from the Byzantines establishing control before the Crusades began.
What is Islam (or Muslims)?
The Magna Carta limited this group's power the most.
What is the king (or monarchy)?
The powerful pope that launched the first Crusade in 1095.
Who is Pope Urban II?
This legal principle, preserved in Justinian’s Code, states that a person accused of a crime is considered innocent until the court proves them guilty.
What is innocent until proven guilty?
Land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service is called this.
What is a fief?
A positive long-term effect of the Crusades was an increase in this.
What is trade (or cultural diffusion)?
The Magna Carta established this principle that even rulers must obey laws.
What is the rule of law?
The English Monarch that was forced to sign the Magna Carta in 1215 because he was abusing his power.
Who is King John?
This massive church built by Justinian meaning "Holy Wisdom"
What is the Hagia Sophia?
After the fall of this empire feudalism emerged and provided stability and order in a society that was full of chaos and invasion
What is the Western Roman Empire?
An economic impact of the Crusades.
What is the emergence of the merchant class (or urbanization, serfs gaining freedom, new trade routes opening, banking systems developing to finance the Crusades)?
This weapon used in the Hundred Years' War weakened the power of knights.
What is the longbow? (or what is gunpowder?)
The Dominican friar who believed that reason and faith could work together and their philosophy shaped the Magna Carta.
Who is Thomas Aquinas?
This religious conflict in 1054 split Christianity into Catholic and Orthodox branches.
What is the Great Schism?
One major reason manorialism weakened was this disease that killed millions and caused labor shortages.
What is the Black Death?
A political impact of the Crusades.
What is centralization of government, consolidation of land, weakening of the catholic church, or the king gaining power?
The Magna Carta was originally intended to protect the rights of this social class.
Who are the nobles (or barons)?
The French peasant girl that led troops during the Hundred Years' War before being executed for heresy (going against the Catholic church).
Who is Joan of Arc?