People
French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755)
Montesquieu
What is the process for knowledge understanding that involves hypothesis, experimentation, and observation?
Scientific Method
Women's Suffrage
the right of women to vote
Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class.
Peninsulares
This political revolution began with the Declaration of Independence in 1776 where colonists sought to balance the power between government and the people and protect the rights of citizens in a democracy.
American Revolution (1775-1783)
English philosopher who believed that people are naturally selfish and without the social contract with the government, there would be complete anarchy.
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
The idea that knowledge and understanding comes from your senses and experience, through observation and experimentation.
Empiricism
Abolitionism movement
Movement to end slavery
Descendants of Spanish-born but born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, economic status.
Creoles
Reacting to the oppressive aristocracy, the middle and lower classes overthrew the king and asserted power for themselves in a violent and bloody revolution. This uprising was inspired by America's independence from England and the Enlightenment ideas.
French Revolution (1789)
Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism. He spoke of the laissez-faire and the "invisible hand."
Adam Smith (1723-1790)
The view that peoples' moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live.
Social Contract
Self-determination
Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves
A person of mixed Native American and European ancestry
Mestizos
fortress in Paris used as a prison; French Revolution began when Parisians stormed it in 1789
Bastille
French philosopher who argued for the rights of freedom of speech and religion and criticized intolerance and oppression?
Voltaire (1694-1778)
he idea that the government gets its power and authority from the will of the people. (the people rule)
Popular Sovereignty
Colonists did not want to be taxed if they did not have a representative in Britain's Parliament.
No taxation without representation
Persons of mixed European and African ancestry
Mulattos
The only successful slave revolt in history; it was led by Toussaint L'Ouverture.
Haitian Revolution
English philosopher who insisted that governments are formed to protect natural rights. He also stated that people are not naturally bad and that they are like a blank slate (tabula rasa) when born.
John Locke (1632-1704)
The idea that knowledge and understanding comes from your senses and experience, through observation and experimentation.
Empiricism
Led to the increased mechanization of production
Not only were ideas reshaping societies during this era, but new technologies were also very influential and led to drastic changes in society and economics.
Industrial Age
native to a certain area
indigenous
Wave of political change across Spanish/Portuguese controlled Latin America. Influenced by the Enlightenment, it was caused by class antagonism and frustrations caused by mercantilism
Creole Revolutions