Cell Communication
The science name for a signaling molecule.
Ligand
The part of the cell cycle in which the cell spends most of its life.
Interphase
The science name for the type of cells produced by mitosis.
Somatic Cells
The science name for the cells produced by meiosis.
Gametes
The phase of the cell cycle in which DNA replication takes place.
S Phase
The three main parts of all signal transduction pathway.
Reception, Transduction and Response
The phase of the cell cycle that included active cell division.
M Phase
The phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
Metaphase
The ploidy type for cells produced by meiosis.
Haploid
The enzyme responsible for breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary base strands during DNA replication.
Helicase
These types of molecules such as Ca2+ and cAMP are non-protein parts of the transduction step.
Secondary messengers
The phase of the cell cycle that includes the checkpoint that checks for doubling of the cytoplasm, duplication of organelles and general division readiness.
G1
The phase of mitosis where the chromosome count doubles in the cell due to the separation of sister chromatids.
Anaphase
The name for the event that promotes genetic diversity where homologous chromosomes exchange corresponding segments.
Crossing Over
The enzyme responsible for the creation of a complementary DNA sequence using a template strand.
DNA polymerase
This type of cell communication occurs when a cell sends a ligand to a molecule it is directly connected to.
Juxtracrine signaling
The phase of the cell cycle that includes a checkpoint that checks for mistakes in DNA replication.
G2
The phase of mitosis where chromosomes first appear and the nuclear envelope dissolves.
Prophase
The number of cell divisions that occur during meiosis.
Two
The enzyme responsible for filling in the gaps on the lagging strand.
Ligase
These are the three types of cell surface receptors.
G-protein, ligand-gates ion channels and tyrosine kinase receptors.
The two types of proteins that regulate the cell cycle.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases
The ploidy type for cells produced by mitosis.
Diploid
The name for the cell created when sperm and egg meet during fertilization.
Zygote
The direction in which DNA Polymerase builds strands of DNA during replication.
5' to 3'