Nucleic Acids
DNA Replication
Biotechnology
Cancer Cells
Miscellaneous
100
If a DNA strand reads AAA GCT, what would the complementary strand (the other side of the DNA) read?
TTT CGA
100
This enzyme is responsible for gluing DNA strands together at the end of DNA replication.
What is ligase?
100
Normal individuals have two copies of each autosome in their body (chromosomes 1-22). This terms means that an individual would have three copies of a given chromosome.
What is a trisomy?
100
This is the name of an accumulation of cancer cells.
What is a tumor?
100
This is the name of the base that replaces thymine in RNA.
What is uracil?
200
DNA and RNA have three obvious differences in their sugars, functions, and shapes. What are these differences?
DNA: deoxyribose, double-helix, and stores information
RNA: ribose, single strand, and transmits information
200
This enzyme is responsible for unzipping DNA strands so they can be copied in DNA replication.
What is helicase?
200
What are karyotypes A and B?
200
This type of cancer can be found in supporting tissues of the body.
What is a sarcoma?
200
DNA is replicated during this phase of interphase.
What is the S phase?
300
Chargaff's rule states the number of adenine must equal thymine in DNA, and cytosine numbers must equal guanine numbers.
If a DNA strand is composed of 10% adenine, what percent cytosine would the strand have?
What is 40%?
300
This enzyme is responsible for placing free nucleotides. It helps to create the new strands of DNA.
What is DNA Polymerase 3?
300
This percent of daughter cells would be affected if nondisjunction occurred in Meiosis 1.
What is 100%?
300
This term is defined as programmed cell death - normal cells will undergo this process at some point in their life cycle
What is apoptosis?
300
This type of tumor is cancerous and can spread to parts of the body.
What is a malignant tumor?
400
What is a phosphate for A, sugar for B, and nitrogenous base for C?
400
This term means that half of the original parent strand of DNA was saved for each new strand of DNA replicated -- the other half is newly synthesized
What is semi-conservative replication?
400
This term means the failure of chromosomes to separate during Meiosis.
What is nondisjunction?
400
This term means cells will stop undergoing mitosis when they are touching other cells on all sides (anchor points). Cancer cells ignore this.
What is contact inhibition?
400
This is a picture of chromosomes that allows medical professionals to visualize the number of chromosomes in somatic cells.
What is a karyotype?
500
Adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine, in DNA; however, there IS a difference in the strength of each pairs' connection. THIS is why the connection between cytosine and guanine is stronger than the connection between adenine and thymine.
What is the fact that cytosine and guanine are held together by 3 bonds rather than 2?
500
These are the fragments needed to synthesize new DNA on the lagging strand.
What are Okazaki fragments?
500
This is a term that means an organism has recombinant DNA - meaning it has DNA from two species (itself and another)
What is a transgenic organism?
500
These two specimens are probably not cancerous.
What are A and C?
500
This biotechnology allows scientists to make millions of copies of DNA in a very short amount of time.
What is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?