The Scientific Revolution
He proved Copernicus was correct and recorded the elliptical orbit of the planets
Who was Kepler?
Louis XIV used this massive, golden palace to distract and control the French nobility.
What is Versailles?
He argued that people are naturally "nasty and brutish" and need a strong government to keep law and order.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
This social class made up 98% of the population, paid all the taxes, but had the least political power.
What is the Third Estate?
This former slave led the most successful slave revolt in history in the French colony of Saint-Domingue.
Who is Toussaint L’Ouverture?
He invented calculus as well as many laws on gravity and motion.
Who was Sir Isaac Newton?
This term describes a ruler with total power who claims their authority comes directly from God.
What is Absolutism (or Divine Right)?
He believed the government's only job was to protect "Life, Liberty, and Property."
Who is John Locke?
This radical phase, led by Robespierre, saw thousands of "enemies of the revolution" sent to the guillotine.
What is the Reign of Terror?
The Haitian Revolution was unique because it was the only successful revolution led by this group of people.
Who are Enslaved People?
Francis Bacon believed knowledge should come from this: the process of gathering data through direct observation.
What is Empiricism (or the Inductive Method or the Scientific Method)?
Louis XIV chose this nickname to symbolize that he was the center of the universe and all power radiated from him.
What is the Sun King?
He believed in laissez-faire economics - government should not interfere with economic activity
Who was Adam Smith
The Revolution officially began with the "Tennis Court Oath" and the storming of this medieval fortress/prison.
What is the Bastille?
"No Taxation Without Representation" was a key cry of this revolution, sparked by the Stamp Act and the Boston Tea Party.
What is the American Revolution?
This man discovered the heart acts as a pump for blood.
Who was William Harvey?
Peter the Great forced these Russian nobles to shave their beards to make Russia more like Western Europe.
Who are the Boyars?
He believed that society agrees to be governed by its general will - what is best for the entire community, over individual rights
Who was Jean Jacques Rousseau
In 1689, this document was signed in England, limiting the monarchy's power and inspiring French revolutionaries.
What is the English Bill of Rights?
The Declaration of Independence (USA) and the Declaration of the Rights of Man (France) both relied on this concept.
What are Natural Rights?
The Father of Modern Chemistry
Who was Robert Boyle
The failure of this 1588 naval invasion signaled the decline of Spain and the rise of England as a world power.
What is the Spanish Armada?
He believed in the separation of powers, checks, and balances.
Who was Montequieu
He led the Reign of Terror
Who was Maximilien Robespierre?
The American Revolution influenced independence movements in South America by
What was providing an example of a successful colonial rebellion?