Kinetic Molecular Theory
What is the motion of gas particles?
Constant, random motion
What two variables are directly related in Charles’s Law?
Volume and Temperature
What is 1 atmosphere in kilopascals?
101.3 kPa
What phase change occurs when a solid turns into a liquid?
Melting
What variable in the ideal gas law represents the amount of gas?
Moles (n)
What type of collisions occur between gas particles?
Elastic collisions
What two variables are inversely related in Boyle’s Law?
Pressure and Volume
What is 152 mm Hg in atmospheres?
0.20 atm
What phase change occurs when a liquid turns into a gas?
Vaporization
What is the SI unit of pressure?
Pascal
What happens to kinetic energy as temperature increases?
It increases
What happens to volume when pressure increases (constant temperature)?
Volume decreases
What equation relates pressure and volume at constant temperature?
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
What phase change occurs when solid CO₂ turns directly into gas?
Sublimation
What law explains why a balloon expands when heated at constant pressure?
Charles’s Law
What causes gas pressure inside a container?
Collisions of particles with container walls
What equation represents Charles’s Law?
V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
What equation relates pressure, volume, temperature, and moles?
PV = nRT
What phase change occurs when a gas turns into a liquid?
Condensation
What happens to pressure when temperature increases at constant volume?
Pressure increases
What property of gases allows them to be compressed easily?
Large spaces between particles
What happens to volume when temperature increases at constant pressure?
Volume increases
A gas at 2.4 L is compressed to a higher pressure. What happens to its volume?
It decreases
What gas forms bubbles when a shaken soda is opened?
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
What equation is used to calculate pressure when volume, temperature, and moles are known?
PV = nRT