Module 22
What do we call awareness of our environment and ourselves?
consciousness
Our bodies roughly synchronize with the 24-hour cycle of day and night by an internal biological clock called
Circadian rhythm
What are the effects of sleep loss?
causes fatigue and irritability, and it impairs concentration, productivity, and memory consolidation. It can also lead to depression, obesity, joint pain, suppressed immune system, and slowed performance (with greater vulnerability to accidents)
What are the three types of psychoactive drugs?
depressants, stimulants, and Hallucinogens
What do we call awareness of our environment and ourselves?
a. Selective attention
b. Hypnotism
c. Posthypnotic suggestion
d. Dissociation
e. Consciousness
e
Which perspective is most closely associated with consciousness?
a.Behaviorial
b.Psychodynamic
c.Humanistic
d.Cognitive
e.biological
b. Psychodynamic
Sleep stage also known as paradoxical sleep because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active.
REM sleep.
Define insomina
Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
Define stimulants and hallucinogens
Stimulants: drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
Hallucinogents: psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
Which of the following represents drug tolerance?
a. Hans has grown to accept the fact that his wife likes to have a beer with her dinner, even though he personally does not approve of the use of alcohol.
b. Jose often wakes up with a headache that lasts until he has his morning cup of coffee.
c. Pierre enjoys the effect of marijuana and is now using the drug several times a week.
d. Jacob had to increase the dosage of his pain medication when the old dosage no longer effectively controlled the pain from his chronic back condition.
e. Chau lost his job and is now homeless as a result of his drug use.
d. Jacob had to increase the dosage of his pain medication when the old dosage no longer effectively controlled the pain from his chronic back condition.
What is posthypnotic suggestion?
a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.
What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in sleep?
a. It induces REM sleep approximately every 90 minutes during sleep.
b. It causes the pineal gland to increase the production of melatonin.
c. It causes the pituitary gland to increase the release of human growth hormone.
d. It causes the pituitary gland to decrease the release of human growth hormone.
e. It causes the pineal gland to decrease the production of melatonin.
b
Define narcolepsy
a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.
What psychoactive drug type is alcohol?
Depressants
Austin Powers travels from California to New York, chasing Dr. Evil across the country. Austin then experiences fatigue, irritability, inattention, and sleeping problems due to the disruption of his ______, which caused ______.
a. sleep stages; sleep apnea
b.circadian rhythms; sleep apnea
c.lucid dreaming; jet lag
d.sleep stages; narcolepsy
e.circadian rhythms; jet lag
e.circadian rhythms; jet lag
Which of the following is the term most closely associated with the split in consciousness that allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others?
a. Consciousness
b. Hypnosis
c. Hall
d. Dissociation
e. Meditation
d. Dissociation
Which of the following sleep theories emphasizes sleep’s role in restoring and repairing brain tissue?
a. Memory
b. Protection
c. Growth
d. Recuperation
e. Creativity
d. Recuperation
What's the difference between manifest content and latent content?
Manifest: remembered story line of a dream
Latent: remember the underlying meaning of a dream
Fruit juices, energy drinks, mints, soap, and soda have been known to contain...
Caffeine
Why is REM sleep called paradoxical sleep?
Because internally the body is in a state of arousal but externally the body is paralyzed
Identify a state of consciousness that ccur spontaneously
Daydreaming, drowsiness, dreaming
What are sleep’s functions? （There are five, state at least three)
1.Sleep may have played a protective role in human evolution by keeping people safe during potentially dangerous periods.
2.Sleep also helps restore and repair damaged neurons.
3.REM and NREM-2 sleep help strengthen neural connections that build enduring memories.
4.Sleep promotes creative problem solving the next day.
5.During slow-wave sleep, the pituitary gland secretes human growth hormone, which is necessary for muscle development.
Dreams reflect the dreamer’s level of development.
Which theory of dream is this?
Cognitive development
Which of the following drugs produces effects similar to a near-death experience?
a. Ecstasy
b. Nicotine
c. Barbiturate
d. Methamphetamine
e. LSD
e. LSD
Identify and explain two disorders that can affect sleep.
Sleep apnea：A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.
Night terrors: A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified
Insomnia: Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.
Narcolepsy: A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks.The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.