Revolution/ Unification
Why did the Concert of Europe fail?
It lacked Britain's support
What process was developed to partially sterilize a product to make it safe for consumption and improving its keep time?
Pasteurization
Of what profession were Verdi and Wagner?
composers
Largest separating social factor in the 19th century?
What was Kulturkampf?
An unsuccessful Anti-Catholic movement
Where was serfdom abolished after 1848 revolutions?
Austria
How did transportation affect society and the marketplace?
Increased trade and variety of goods for the consumer, increased sense of independence, greater standard of living
This English novelist exposed the issues of the industrial revolution in his novels
Charles Dickens
Factors leading to a surge in the population during the 19th century
Decline in disease, changes in marriage rates, better farming techniques
What countries experienced revolts around 1830? (3/4)
France, Spain, Italy, Belgium
What were the consequences of the Congress of Vienna?
Prussia got territory in Saxony, Poland became part of Russia, the Netherlands gained independence
What was the effect of modernization and industrialization on peasants?
They moved to cities, greater possibilities to work, and taxation was more efficient
Who was the British foreign minister during the Crimean War?
Lord Palmerston
What happened to the standard of living in the 1st half of the 19th century?
Increase in the middle and upper classes, but workers did not see great improvement
What area of land was annexed to Germany and provided a region for great agricultural/ economic growth?
Alsace-Lorraine
What were the causes of the Crimean War?
Britain worried about Russian expansion, French protection of the church in Palestine
Germany was second in production to the US of these main 3 products in the early 1900s
Coal, Iron, Steel
Who was Edmund Burke and what did he believe about the social system?
British conservative, society exists through continuity or "natural" class order
What aided in the creation of a public culture in 19th century England?
Theater, museums, opera houses
What government policies were important to early industrialization?
Railroad construction, stable currency, laws aiding large corporations
What were the obstacles of German unification in early 19th century?
Rivalry of Russia and Austria, individual German princes did not agree, a German distaste for reform
How did industrialization become self-sufficient?
Growth in one sector contributed to growth in another, people had the capital to invest in the economy
What were the demands of the Chartists?
End the requirement of land ownership for a Parliamentary seat, secret ballot for elections, demanded payment for Parliament
What were the revolutionaries from the upper and middle classes divided over in the 1848 French Rev?
Whether government held the responsibility to assign work to people
What were the philosophies that most 19th century liberals supported?
Advocates for a free market, greater freedom of expression for land owners