Cell Cycle
During the cell cycle, when is DNA copied?
Synthesis (S) phase
Mitosis is cell division for what type of organism?
Eukaryotes
Where does transcription occur?
In the cell's nucleus
Where does translation occur?
In the ribosomes
46 (23 pairs)
What is cell division in prokaryotes called?
Binary fission
Describe the spindle fiber's function
The spindle fibers ensure that sister chromatids will separate and go to different daughter cells when the cell divides.
List 2 reasons why RNA is different from DNA
RNA is single stranded while DNA is double stranded; RNA contains uracil in place of thymine, RNA has the sugar ribose while DNA has deoxyribose
A ______ codes for a ______
Gene; protein
Human males have what two chromosomes?
XY
Why does the cell cycle have checkpoints?
To make sure the cell can enter the next phase of the cell cycle- if the cell is large enough, has enough resources, and has correctly copied DNA
What happens during anaphase?
The chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle and move to opposite sides of the cell.
Transcription produces what type of RNA?
messenger RNA (mRNA)
Define a codon and give one example.
A code is a set of 3 bases used to determine an amino acid. Example: AUG, UGG, CGC
Name one type of cell that does not do mitosis.
Nerve cells, blood cells, gametes
How does cancer form?
Cancer forms because of uncontrolled cell growth due to mutations
A diploid cell has ____ the number of chromosomes as a haploid cell.
Twice
What is the enzyme responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA?
RNA polymerase
What type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome?
transfer RNA (tRNA)
How long does it take the human body to replace nearly all of its cells?
About 7 years