Intramolecular
This type of intramolecular force is characterized by a sea of delocalized electrons.
Metallic bonding.
This type of intermolecular force occurs between nonpolar molecules only.
London dispersion forces (LDF)
Shape of PCl3.
trigonal pyramidal
Dissolves in oil.
Not!
Oxalic acid.
H2C2O4
This type of intramolecular force forms crystalline solids.
Ionic bonding.
This type of intermolecular force is the strongest of the IMFs.
Hydrogen bonding.
Bent.
H2.
Not! (None of the diatomic molecules are polar!)
HCN
Hydrocyanic acid.
This type of intramolecular force forms a bond in which electrons are shared unequally between two atoms.
Polar Covalent bonding.
These two types of IMF occur between polar molecules.
Dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding (which is also technically dipole-dipole).
Shape of BH3.
Trigonal planar.
Ammonium.
Not!
FeCO3.
Iron (II) carbonate.
This type of intramolecular force results in a symmetrical molecule.
Nonpolar covalent bonding.
What makes hydrogen bonding a stronger IMF than a general dipole-dipole interaction?
Hydrogen bonding occurs with molecules that have LARGE electronegativity differences on their dipoles, so the amount of charge difference is greater than in general dipole-dipole interactions. The greater the amount of charge, the stronger the attraction.
Shape of N2.
Linear.
Carbonate.
Polar!
RaSO4.
Radium sulfate.
This type of intramolecular force is characterized by very low melting points and substances that are not soluble in water.
Nonpolar covalent.
BIO THROWBACK!: Water experiences hydrogen bonding. What are some properties of water that occur because of hydrogen bonding?
- cohesion
- adhesion
- ice is less dense than liquid water
- etc.
Shape of CF4.
Tetrahedral.
Experiences hydrogen bonding/dipole-dipole IMFs.
Polar!
NO3.
Nitrogen trioxide.