ATP
and Energy Basics
and Energy Basics
What is the energy molecule used by all living things?
ATP
Who makes their own food and who eats food?
Autotrophs make their own food. Heterotrophs eat food.
Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert __________ and __________ into high-energy sugars and oxygen.
Carbon dioxide and water
Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen (reactants) to produce __________, __________, and ATP energy.
Carbon dioxide and water
The equations of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are the __________ of each other.
Opposites (or reverse of each other)
How do organisms obtain and use energy?
They obtain energy from food or sunlight and use it to make ATP for cell processes.
Autotrophic organisms use __________ energy from the sun to produce their own food in a process called __________.
Light energy; photosynthesis
Chloroplasts are the biological equivalents of __________.
Solar panels
Cellular respiration takes place in three sets of chemical reactions: __________, __________, and __________.
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle), and Electron Transport Chain
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are important parts of the __________ cycle.
Carbon cycle
Organisms get their supply of ATP by breaking down chemical compounds in food, specifically carbohydrates like __________.
Glucose
Heterotrophic organisms get energy by consuming food that was ultimately created by __________.
Autotrophs (producers / plants)
Chlorophyll is the primary pigment found in chloroplasts and is __________ in color.
Green
Glycolysis takes place in the __________ and does not require oxygen (anaerobic).
Cytoplasm
The carbon cycle is the pathway through which __________ is recycled in the biosphere.
Carbon
The mitochondria is sometimes referred to as the __________ of the cell.
Powerhouse
During photosynthesis, plants convert the energy from sunlight into __________ energy stored in the bonds of carbohydrates.
Chemical Energy
Light-dependent reactions take place in the __________ membrane and release __________ as a byproduct.
Thylakoid membrane; oxygen
The Krebs Cycle takes place in the __________ and releases __________ as a waste product.
Mitochondria; carbon dioxide
Respiration releases __________ and photosynthesis pulls __________ out of the atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide
Two sets of reactions take place in the chloroplast during photosynthesis: __________ reactions and __________ reactions (also called the Calvin Cycle).
Light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions
What product do autotrophs release during photosynthesis?
Oxygen
Light-independent reactions take place in the __________, or fluid inside the chloroplast.
Stroma
What is the breakdown of glucose without oxygen called?
Anaerobic respiration
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration the same and different?
Photosynthesis stores energy by making glucose using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down glucose using oxygen to make ATP.
They are opposite processes and part of the carbon cycle.