DNA 🧬
This scientist used X-ray crystallography to help discover the structure of DNA, but was not fully accredited for her contributions.
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
This scientist is known as the “Father of Genetics.”
Who is Gregor Mendel?
This process copies DNA into mRNA. (Hint: occurs in the nucleus).
What is transcription?
Different versions of a gene are called this.
What are alleles?
When both traits show equally (like red and white patches on a flower petal).
What is codominance?
DNA has this shape, often described as a twisted ladder.
What is a double helix?
This is a chart used to predict an offspring's possible genetic outcomes.
What is a Punnett square?
This process builds proteins at the ribosome.
What is translation?
Two identical alleles for a trait are...
What is homozygous?
When traits blend together (red + white = pink).
What is incomplete dominance?
This base pairing rule explains how DNA strands match. (A pairs with __ and C pairs with __).
A pairs with T
C pairs with G
If one allele hides another, it is called this.
What is dominant?
A mutation where one base is replaced with another.
What is a substitution?
Two different alleles for a trait are...
What is heterozygous?
An example of codominance would be this blood type.
What is AB blood type?
This is the relationship between genes, proteins, and traits: ___ code for ___, and ___ determine traits.
What is: GENES code for PROTEINS, and PROTEINS determine traits.
The physical traits you can observe are called this.
What are phenotypes?
This type of mutation shifts the reading frame of DNA.
What is insertion or deletion (frameshift mutation)?
This refers to the combination of alleles an organism has for a trait, such as AA, Aa, or aa.
What is a genotype?
In an cross between two parents with incomplete dominance (Rr × Rr), how many offspring will show the blended trait?
What is 2 out of 4 (or 50%)?
These are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide.
What are sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base?
If two heterozygous parents (Aa x Aa) are crossed, this is the probability that an offspring will have the recessive trait.
What is 25%?
This tool is used to determine which amino acid a codon codes for.
What is a codon chart?
A mutation that has no effect on the resulting protein is called this.
What is a silent mutation?
In a BW × BW cross (codominance), this percent of offspring will show BOTH traits.
What is 50%?