Photosynthesis
This organelle is where photosynthesis occurs in plant cells.
Chloroplast.
This process allows cells to release energy from food.
Cellular respiration (releases energy from food).
Autotrophs are organisms that can do this.
Make their own food (produce organic molecules).
Light travels in this form; we can describe it by wavelengths.
Waves (electromagnetic waves).
Humans get energy from this source (a broad category).
Food.
Name the two main parts of photosynthesis; one requires light and the other does not.
Light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle).
Name the type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen.
Aerobic respiration.
Heterotrophs must get energy from these sources.
Other organisms (food sources); they obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
Explain why a leaf appears green in terms of light absorption and reflection.
A green leaf reflects green wavelengths and absorbs other wavelengths (like red and blue) for photosynthesis.
List three activities or functions our bodies use energy for, as mentioned in the study guide.
Exercising, breathing, maintaining cellular functions.
Write the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis using the correct chemical formulas.
6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O26CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2
When oxygen is low, cells may use this alternative process; give one real-world example from the study guide.
Fermentation; examples: yeast making wine (grapes to wine) and muscles during heavy exercise.
Match the chemical symbol to its common name: H2OH2O
H2OH2O : Water.
State how different wavelengths of light relate to the colors we see.
Different wavelengths correspond to different colors; shorter wavelengths = blue/violet, longer wavelengths = red; each color has a specific wavelength range.
Explain why humans cannot use photosynthesis to obtain energy.
Humans lack chloroplasts and the biochemical pathways to convert sunlight into chemical energy; we must ingest organic molecules made by autotrophs.
This molecule acts as an electron carrier during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
NADP+ (as an electron carrier; becomes NADPH).
Compare where in the cell photosynthesis and cellular respiration take place (organelles) and name one molecule produced by each process.
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and produces glucose and oxygen; cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria and produces ATP and CO2 (and water).
Match the chemical symbol to its common name: C6H12O6C6H12O6
6H12O6C6H12O6 : Glucose (sugar).
Describe how the wave model and particle (photon) model of light each help explain different features of light (brief, high-school level).
The wave model explains interference and diffraction; the particle (photon) model explains phenomena like the photoelectric effect and how light transfers energy in discrete packets.
Describe, in simple terms, how the food we eat is linked to ATP production in our cells.
Food (glucose) is broken down through cellular respiration to produce ATP; ATP provides energy for cellular processes.
Explain why stomata are important for photosynthesis and how they affect water movement in the plant.
Stomata are small openings on leaf undersides; they allow gas exchange (CO2 in for photosynthesis, O2 out) and allow water vapor to move out (transpiration), which can affect water balance and nutrient transport.
Describe how ATP is involved in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration (explain its role as an energy molecule).
ATP is the primary energy molecule; photosynthesis stores energy in glucose which can be used in cellular respiration to produce ATP; ATP then powers cellular activities.
Define NADP+ and explain its role during photosynthesis.
NADP+ is an electron carrier that accepts electrons (and H+) during light-dependent reactions to form NADPH, which is used in the Calvin Cycle to help synthesize sugars.
Explain how absorption of light can be converted into another form of energy in organisms and name that form.
When light is absorbed by pigments, its energy can be converted to chemical energy (e.g., in photosynthesis) or thermal energy (heat); in organisms, absorbed light drives electron excitation leading to chemical energy storage (ATP and NADPH used to make sugars).
Relate photosynthesis and cellular respiration to the carbon cycle: explain how these processes move carbon between the atmosphere and living organisms.
Photosynthesis removes CO2CO2 from the atmosphere and incorporates carbon into organic molecules (glucose); cellular respiration returns CO2CO2 to the atmosphere by breaking down glucose for ATP—together they cycle carbon between living organisms and the atmosphere.