Surveys and Settlements
Rural residents that live in close proximity
Clustered Settlement
North of the Arabian Peninsula,10,000 years ago, agriculture similar to Mediterranean
Fertile Crescent
Genetically modified to produce desirable shapes and sizes for increased food production
High Yield Seeds
Example of relocation diffusion. As people move, they bring food, ingredients, seeds, and animals with them
Immigration and Migration
Specialized farming that occurs only in areas where there are hot-dry summers,
mild winters, narrow valleys. ie: grapes, olives, citrus fruits, figs, etc.
Mediterranean Agriculture
Settlements arranged in a line, typically a long a river or coast
Linear
10,000 years ago, crops include mangos, coconuts, bananas, rice, and sugarcane
Southeast Asia
The process of people moving usually from cities to residential areas on the outskirts of
cities
Suburbanization
The exchange of goods and ideas between North America, Africa, and Europe in 1492
The Colombian Exchange
Large scale farming and ranching operations that employ vast land bases, large
mechanized equipment, factory-type labor forces, and the latest technology.
Commercial agriculture
Isolated and spread settlements
Dispersed
5,500 years ago, crops such as maize, chiles, and potatoes, animals include llamas and alpacas
Series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution and resulting in
a commodity that is then exchanged on the world market. (aka: Global supply chain)
Commodity Chain
Agriculture first diffusing to the immediate surrounding areas of the Hearths through close contact and proximity of farmers
Contagious Diffusion
Form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to the
other; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period
Shifting Cultivation
Utilizes landmarks and physical features, irregular, typically clustered
Metes and Bounds
7,000 years ago, crops include coffee,cocoa, and yams
Sub-Saharan Africa
Cost advantages to manufacturers that accrue from high-volume production, since the
average cost of production falls with increasing output
Economies of Scale
Paths used to transport ideas or agricultural things. Ex. 4,000 miles that connected China with Europe with a variety of different people interacting
Trade Routes (Silk Road)
A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of
one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country
Plantation Agriculture
Discovered by Thomas Jefferson, rectangular or square plots of land, 6x6 mile plots
Township and Range
9,500 years ago, crops include rice, soybeans, and walnuts
East Asia
Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and
fertilizer.
Green Revolution
Increasing wealth across the globe and the diffusion of fast food has increased this
Demand for Meat
The small-scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to
local consumers
Market Gardening