The Enlightenment
This English philosopher believed people are born with natural rights of life, liberty, and property
John Locke
This 1777 battle was a turning point, leading to French support for the American colonies.
Battle of Saratoga
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to social inequality, economic crisis, weak leadership, and these ideas.
Enlightenment ideas
He rose to power after the French Revolution and became Emperor of France in 1804.
Napoleon Bonaparte
The French Revolution ended this type of government in France.
Absolute monarchy
He argued for a separation of powers in government to prevent tyranny.
Montesquieu
This 1787 document established the framework for the United States government.
US constitution
he Third Estate declared itself this and vowed to write a constitution in 1789.
National Assembly
This legal system, established by Napoleon, is still influential today.
Napoleonic Code
Napoleon’s empire reshaped Europe and led to this major 1815 diplomatic meeting.
Congress of Vienna
This French thinker championed freedom of speech and religion and criticized traditional authority.
Voltaire
This 1776 document, announced the colonies’ independence from Britain. Who wrote it and What is it called?
Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence
On July 14, 1789, revolutionaries stormed this prison as a symbol of royal tyranny.
Bastille
Napoleon suffered a disastrous military campaign in this country in 1812 due to the harsh winter
Russia
Enlightenment and revolutionary ideas spread democracy and influenced these movements worldwide.
Independence movements
He wrote about the social contract and believed in people’s sovereignty over the government.
Rousseau
The British surrendered here in 1781, effectively ending major fighting in the American Revolution.
Battle of Yorktown
This 1791 document established France as a constitutional monarchy.
First Constitution
Napoleon was finally defeated at this battle in 1815 by British and Prussian forces.
Battle of Waterloo
The French and American revolutions inspired this social and political principle emphasizing individual rights.
Democracy and individual rights
Enlightenment ideas inspired revolutions and influenced the creation of these rights in France.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
What are two impacts of the American Revolution
1. Birth of the United States of America.
2. Inspired other revolutions, including in France and Latin America.
3. Led to the U.S. Constitution (1787).
During the radical phase, thousands were executed as “enemies of the revolution” in this period led by Robespierre.
Reign of Terror
Napoleon’s conquests and defeat inspired independence movements in this region.
What are two impacts of the Enlightenment period?
1. Inspired the American and French Revolutions.
2. Led to the end of absolute monarchy in many countries.
3. Influenced the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (1789).