Plate Tectonics
This is the name of Wegener's hypothesis.
What is continental drift?
The internal resistance to flow.
What is viscosity?
What is strike-slip fault?
The displacement of the mantle by Earth's continental and oceanic crust is a condition of equilibrium referred to as this.
What is isostasy?
Greek word meaning "all the earth" that was used as the name for the supercontinent that existed 200 million years ago.
The way these two continents appear to fit like puzzle pieces on a map led people to suggest that the continents had drifted over time.
What are South America and Africa?
A mushroom-shaped pluton with a round top and flat bottom.
What is a laccolith?
The point at which an earthquake originates.
What is the focus?
The slow process of the crust's rising as the result of the removal of overlying material.
What is isostatic rebound?
Sections of active faults that haven't experienced significant earthquakes for a long period of time.
What are seismic gaps?
This is the study of Earth's magnetic field over time.
What is paleomagnetism?
These large depressions can be up to 50 km in diameter and can form when the summit or side of a volcano collapses into the magma chamber that once fueled the volcano.
What are calderas?
The record produced by a seismometer.
What is a seismogram?
This process forms all mountain ranges.
What is orogeny?
Rapidly moving volcanic material that can travel at speeds of nearly 200 km/h and may contain hot, poisonous gases.
What is pyroclastic flow?
A line on a map that connects points that have the same age.
What is an isochron?
A mountain with broad, gently sloping sides and a nearly circular base.
What is a shield volcano?
The absence of this wave type allowed seismologists to reason that the Earth's outer core must be liquid.
What are S-waves?
This can form as magma is pushed up through dikes and erupts onto the seafloor.
What are pillow basalts?
What is the moment magnitude scale?
This is the process in which the weight of a subducting plate helps pull the trailing lithosphere into a subduction zone.
What is slab pull?
The slopes of a composite volcano are composed of layers of this and lava.
What is tephra?
This highly destructive force can be caused by a large earthquake occurring on the ocean floor.
What is a tsunami?
These mountains form when large pieces of crust are tilted, uplifted, or dropped downward between large faults.
What are fault-block mountains?
Intrusive igneous rock bodies that can be exposed at Earth's surface as a result of uplift and erosion and are classified based on their size, shape, and relationship to surrounding rocks.
What is a pluton?